3. Describe the Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) Assay and its purpose.

1. The complexities of translation. Match the terms in Column A with theirdescriptions in Column (B)Column A1. Shine-Dalgarno sequence2. Internal ribosome entry site (IRES)3. Signal sequenceColumn Вa. A sequence in prokaryotic mRNA that helps position the ribosome on the mRNA for translation.b. A sequence in mRNA that allows translation initiation without the need for a. 5'. cap.c. A sequence at the N-terminus of a protein that directs it to a specific location in the cell.

2. In eukaryotic organisms, different types of transcription regulatory regions are present on DNA. Please explain the differences between proximal promoter elements, enhancers and insulators.

4. List the enzyme involved in amino acid activation and its substrates in the process of aminoacylation.

(A) Please describe two examples of the applications. (2pts)

(B) If a tag is planned to be added to the C-terminus of a protein, please elucidate two most important considerations for targeting the gene segment,which encodes for the tag, to the gene of interest. (4pts)

b. During mismatch repair, how does the enzyme know which stand to cut? (2 points)

45. Please explain the Wobble concept. (3 points)

44. Please describe the positive and negative regulation of lac operon, including the terms of repressor, operator, inducer, and cAMP. (3 points)

43. Please distinguish the terms of knock in, knock out and knock down. (4 points)

42. a. Please describe the molecular process of DNA mismatch repair in E. coli. (3 points)

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