申論題

3. Fishery management aims to protect and conserve fishery resources and ecosystems, and to provide a rationale for their sustainable utilization. Current fishery management tools and measures include information gathering (for example, catch production and environmental data (including salinity, ocean currents, etc.)), input controls (for example, total allowable effort and individual effort restrictions and vessel and gear restrictions, etc.), output controls (for example, total allowable catch (TAC), etc.), technical measures (e.g., marine protected area (MPAs), marine spatial planning (MSP), and size and sex selectivity restrictions), and monitoring and enforcement (vessel monitoring systems (VMSs) and voyage date recorders(VDRs)). This management tools can be expected to meet the objectives of sustainable fishery management and to respond to the challenges posed by global change. All countries around the world have specific institutions for exercising such management authority within their exclusive economic zones, and many are part of regional and international fisheries bodies and management organizations to manage shared stocks and fisheries in areas beyond national jurisdictions.