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38. Please explain what an insulator is? Also, describe and explain two possible models how multiple insulators act?

其他申論題

34. Describe DNA replication on beta clamp cycles in lagging strand. (4 points)

35. Draw diagrams of the lac operon that illustrate (and also include the explanation) negative control and positive control of this operon. (8 points)

36. Use a diagram and explain the result of a DNase footprinting experiment that shows that A repressor dimers bind cooperatively to two operators separated by an integral number of DNA double-helical turns, but noncooperatively to two operators separated by a nonintegral number of turns.

37. You are asked to use S1 mapping to locate the 5’-end of a given RNA transcript in cells at a given time. What does S1 mean? (2 points) Please describe how S1 mapping work (5 points)

39. What is a CpG island? Why have CpG sequences tended to disappear from the human genome?

1. How does phage maintain in the prophage state?

2. Please describe the mechanism of strand-directed mismatch repair in prokaryotes.

3. Approximately 90% of human cancer cells exhibit significant levels of telomerase. Does this mean that telomerase is an oncogene? Explain.

4. Define "CDK"

5. Define "Astrocyte"

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