5、朋友每天打電話給我。

七、請用日文說明何謂「研究」。 (字數限制：200 字以上。違者不計分。)

１、⽇本語教育の初級段階において、⽂型練習はきわめて重要な意味を持つ。 ⽂型練習とは、⽂の形式を習得する⼿段ではない。⽂型は⽂の外形的な輪郭ではなく、全⼀的なものとし て⼀つの表現を形成する発想の軌跡である。⽂型は、それが使⽤される「場」を前提とし、その「場」において任意 の話題を表すのにふさわしい⽂レベルの⾔語形式と考えるべきである。したがって、⽂型練習も、場⾯と話題に基 づいた最適の⽂型選びから、その⽂型において⾁付けされる単語選び（語彙の選択）に⾄るまで、広く⾏うべき である。このように考えると、個々の⽂法事実や単語レベルの⽂法現象はすべて⽂型の中に吸収され、また、語の 意味・⽤法も⽂型を⽀える要素として包含されてしまう。（森⽥良⾏（1975）「複⽂の⽂型練習」『講座⽇本語教育』11、pp.1-15）

２、今⽇、わが国における外国語の問題を考へるとすれば、およそ次の三点、即ち、この歴史的転換期に直⾯し て外国語教育はいつたいどう取扱はるべきかといふこと、次には国際的な関係が⼀層複雑微妙になつて来たかと いふ時代に、外国語の活⽤ないし利⽤がどんな状態にあるか、つまり⽇本⼈としていまどの程度に外国語を実際 に⽣かして使つてゐるかといふこと、もう⼀つは、⽇本語の海外進出に絡んで、やはり⽇本語を⼀応ほかの国から 観た外国語として考へてみるといふこと、これらの点が主として問題になると思ふ。 （岸⽥國⼠『外国語教育』）

1. 語句修繕：請將下列句子改寫成語法正確、表達通順的中文。 歐盟執委會先前曾與英國藥廠阿斯特捷利康公司就新冠疫苗的供應問題而有公開 爭論：該公司表示他們將只會向歐盟提供 3100 萬劑疫苗，然而歐盟成員國則開始 抱怨並非歐盟預期的 8 千萬劑。

2. 換句話說：請以不同的措辭和語法將下列句子改寫為當代白話中文。 中國說部，登峰造極者無若《石頭記》。敘人間富貴，感人情盛衰，用筆縝密，著色繁麗， 制局精嚴，觀止矣。

3. 邏輯預測：請完成下列二句空格部分，內容、字數不限，但須符合語意邏輯。 新冠肺炎在全球肆虐，疫情指揮中心以「料敵從寬」的原則防疫 (1) 。 他早就明白此人不學無術，來日必定會 (2) 。

II. English Ability  1. Paraphrasing : Rewrite the following sentence in English to express the same meaning or information with different wording and structure. One of the downsides of e-commerce is that no matter how perfect your product pages are, despite a plethora of items available, the customer will never be able to have the real product in his hand, like at a physical store.

2. Summarizing : Write a summary in English between 80 to 100 words to get thegist of the following article. (It is strongly recommended not to copy the same sentencesof the original texts.)       Scientists have long wondered how butterflies fly—compared with other flying animals, thecreatures have unusually short, broad and large wings relative to their body size. Now, expertshave found that the insects “clap” their wings together, and their wings are perfectly evolved forbetter propulsion.       Biologists from Sweden’s Lund University set out to test a 50-year-old theory thatbutterflies “clap” their wings together, pushing out the trapped air to create a jet and push theanimal in the opposite direction. The biologists studied free-flying butterflies and, in theiraerodynamic analysis, found the creatures’ wings form a cupped shape during the upstroke and“clap,” thrusting the butterfly forward. Meanwhile, the downstroke helps with weight support.      They also noticed that the butterfly wings were behaving in an unusual way. Instead ofslamming together as two flat surfaces, the wings bent to create a “pocket shape,” which wouldcapture more air and improve propulsion. In doing so, butterflies captured more air betweentheir wings, which improved the clap and boosted performance.      The team tested their theory using a series of triangular robotic clappers and found thatflexible wings increased the efficiency of the clap by 28% compared with rigid wings. Expertsthink the creatures may have evolved to favor this unusual wing shape in order to evadepredators. This flexibility might be one of the reasons butterflies have this unusual wing shape.They take off very quickly, doing this as a safety measure, to minimize risk of getting caught.III. Translation Competence 60%

1. 英譯中：請將下列英文翻譯成正確通順、適體適境的中文。      What is intelligence, anyway? When I was in the Army, I received a kind of aptitude testthat all soldiers took and, against a normal of 100, scored 160. No one at the base had ever seen afigure like that, and for two hours they made a big fuss over me.      All my life I’ve been registering scores like that, so that I have the complacent feeling thatI’m highly intelligent, and I expect other people to think so, too. Actually, though, don’t suchscores simply mean that I am very good at answering the type of academic questions that areconsidered worthy of answers by the people who make up the intelligence tests—people withintellectual bents similar to mine?      For instance, I had an auto repairman once, who, on these intelligence tests, could notpossibly have scored more than 80, by my estimate. I always took it for granted that I was farmore intelligent than he was. Yet, when anything went wrong with my car, I hastened to him withit, watched him anxiously as he explored its vitals, and listened to his pronouncements as thoughthey were divine oracles—and he always fixed my car.

2. Chinese-to-English Translation : Translate the following Chinese text into correct, fluent and adequate English.        文字表達，過去習慣稱為「辭章」，取捨的問題比較難於說清楚，因為同一篇文章，專 從寫作技巧方面考慮，常常是仁者見仁，智者見智。概括的原則容易說，比如自然比造作 好，簡練比拖沓好，流利比艱澀好，古樸比輕浮好，生動比板滯好，典雅比粗俗好，優美 比鄙陋好，等等，大家都會同意。問題是這些原則都很抽象，難於像用天平衡物那樣，半 斤就是半斤，三兩就是三兩。但是我們又必須承認，就是辭章方面，作品，或說有些作品， 終歸有高下之分，而我們也應該細心地，盡量避免偏見地分辨高下，然後取其精捨其粗。                                                                                                    節錄自《文言漫步》，張中行著

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