5. 何謂中性理論？請與天擇說比較。(10 分)

8. 請閱讀以下段落後，寫出該摘要中文大意後，說明如何融入生物課教學，並以此內容設計一道選擇題，需附上答案與題目說明。(10 分)Proprioceptors are primary mechanosensory neurons to monitor the status of muscle contraction and/or body position. Although proprioceptors are known as non- nociceptive mechanoreceptors, they also express the pro- nociceptive acidsensing ion channel 3 (ASIC3). To probe the role for proprioceptors in sensing acidosis (or sngception), we found that genetic deletion of Asic3 in proprioceptors but not in nociceptors abolished acid- induced chronic hyperalgesia in mice. Chemo- optogenetically activating proprioceptors resulted in hyperal-gesic priming that favored chronic pain induced by acidosis. In humans, intramuscular acidification induced acid perception but not pain. Conversely, in a spinal cord– injured patient who lost pain sensation in the right leg, pro-prioception and sngception were remaining somatosensory functions, associated with the spinal dorsal column. Together, evidence from both mouse and human studies suggests a role for proprioceptors in sngception.摘要引用自：Cheng-Han Lee et al ,A role for proprioceptors in sngception.Sci.Adv.11,eabc5219(2025)

5. 何謂中性理論？請與天擇說比較。(10 分)

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