5. Critical I nfrastructure P rotection

1. Optional P ractical T raining

2. Registered Permanent Residence

3. Transnational Human Trafficking

4. Ministry of Foreign Affairs

6. Hu man S muggling

7. National Immigration Agency

8. V isa exempt Entry

9. S takeholder

10. B urden of P roof

二、Translation       Evidence indicates that states around the world have toughened their immigration policies by increasing criminalization of irregular migration, intensifying border controls, and externalizing migration control policies. As a consequence, breaches of migration law are increasingly treated as criminal rather than administrative offences causing a depreciation of migrants' enjoyment of essential legal safeguards and human rights protections. Contrary to acting as a deterrent for migration flows, harsh policies of interception and detention often further push migrants to take unsafe and irregular routes in the hands of smugglers or traffickers.