6. 請說明幹細胞的種類。(3 分)

四、綜合題 1. 請解答以下試題並為學生提出解析 。(5 分)科學家篩到了兩個突變株(甲和乙)，其果實皆較野生型小。下列有關證實甲和乙突變為同一基因 的敘述，何者正確？ (A)若甲和乙皆為隱性同型合子，進行互交，得子代果實較甲乙小，則可證實 (B)若甲和乙皆為顯性同型合子，進行互交，得子代果實較甲乙小，則可證實 (C)若甲和乙皆為顯性異型合子，進行互交，得子代為同樣小果，則可證實 (D)若甲和乙皆為顯性同型合子，進行互交，得子代為同樣小果，則可證實 (E)若甲和乙皆為隱性同型合子，進行互交，得子代為同樣小果，則可證實

2. 請列出植物細胞壁有哪些成分(除了纖維素外)並說明這些成分的相關特性。(5 分)

3. Darwin suggested looking at a species' close relatives to learn what its ancestors may have been like. Explain how his suggestion anticipated recent methods, such as applying maximum parsimony to infer phylogenetic relationships ( 2 分) and the use of outgroups in cladistic analysis. (2 分)

4. 進行探究與實作課程時，某生研究環境因子對植物光合作用產量的影響。他選取大小相近的兩株 同種植物，一株放在室內，另外一株放在室外，數天後，分析光合作用產物，發現室外植株的光 合作用產物較多，於是他歸納出光照會影響植物光合作用的結論。試問由該生的實驗設計歸納出 這個結論有什麼問題？實驗設計應該如何進行調整，這樣的結論才更具有說服力？(4 分)

(1)請用中文寫出本文章的重點摘要。(4 分)

(2)請針對此文章以中文命出選擇題，此題須包含五個選項，並附上解答。(4 分) Arthritis is a leading cause of disability, affecting 53 million Americans. While Osteoarthritis was traditionally viewed as simple "wear and tear," recent research reveals it shares a pro-inflammatory autoimmune component with Rheumatoid Arthritis. In both conditions, the body’s immune system mistakenly identifies collagen—the protein that cushions joints—as a foreign invader. This triggers "killer" T-cells to bombard cartilage with toxic chemicals, causing erosion, pain, and stiffness. The Solution: Undenatured Type II Collagen (UC-II® ) Unlike typical drug treatments that mask symptoms, UC-II® addresses this underlying immune error. Studies show that a small daily dose (10-40 mg) can significantly reduce pain, stiffness, and swelling in both arthritic patients and healthy adults experiencing exercise-induced pain. Mechanism of Action: Oral Tolerance The efficacy of UC-II® relies on a specific biological process called Oral Tolerance. This is the desensitization of the immune response through the digestive tract. 1. Gut Recognition: When UC-II® is ingested, it interacts with gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) in the intestinal tract. 2. Immune Training: The GALT "presents" the collagen fragments to the immune system. Because the collagen is introduced through the gut (as food), the immune system learns to recognize it as a harmless substance rather than an invader.3. Stopping the Attack: This process effectively retrains the immune system. It suppresses the production of killer T-cells that were previously attacking the body's own joint cartilage.This mechanism explains why oral ingestion works: in animal studies, while injecting collagen induces arthritis, feeding small amounts of collagen prevents it. By restoring the immune system's tolerance to collagen, UC-II® halts the inflammatory cycle caused when the protective barrier between blood and cartilage diminishes with age.

6. 本校新設立「生物醫學實驗班」，於創立初期需規劃具特色之專業課程，以培養學生對生物醫學領域之基礎認識與探究能力。請設計一套為期五週之特色課程(每週 2 節課)。課程設計內容包含下列要素：A.課程主題與教學目標B.每週教學內容與活動安排C.教學方法(如探究式學習、實作、專題研究等) D.評量方式或學習成果呈現形式此外，課程內容可視需要結合在地資源，包含新竹地區之學術機構、醫療單位、科學園區或相關產業等，以展現課程特色與實務連結。(8 分)

一、克漏字出題：     Goldfish are common pets around the world. Their bright color and quick movements make them appealing to watch, and long-time goldfish owners speak of the personality these little fish can demonstrate. However, because they’re small and common, people often think they have no real requirements other than food and the occasional cleaning of their bowls. There are two things wrong with this belief, and for the health and safety of goldfish, it’s necessary that people be educated about them. The first incorrect statement is that goldfish get satisfaction from living in bowls. The second is that their water doesn’t need much cleaning.     Bowls aren’t suitable containers for goldfish, and the reasons for this are related to the oxygen content goldfish require in their water. It’s well known that although fish don’t breathe air the same way we do, they still need oxygen. When water is contained in a bowl, only a small amount of the water’s surface is exposed to the air. This doesn’t allow the water to be refreshed with enough oxygen in the same way that a proper rectangular fish tank does. Furthermore, not only does the water need plenty of contact with the air, but it should also be cleaned frequently. Though goldfish are beautiful, they produce a lot of waste and can easily get sick if too much of it remains in their environment.

二、混合題改寫與出題：I. Summarizing : Summarize the following passage in no more than 350 words. The summary should be written at a level appropriate for at TCFSH.

(1) 1 fill-in-the-blank question (containing 2 blanks) that tests students’ understanding of the general idea of the passage.

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