III. Writing and Cloze Questions Design Test (15%) Rewrite the given passage below into a well-structured text of 200 to 250 words and create a cloze test with 5 questions based on your rewritten passage. Each question should have four choices, ( A ), ( B ), ( C ), and ( D ), with one of them being the best/correct answer. Be sure to provide the answer key.         A "blood moon" occurs during a total lunar eclipse. Scientifically, this happens when the Earth passes directly between the sun and the moon, casting its shadow across the lunar surface. Instead of turning completely black, the moon glows with a deep, rusty red color. This is caused by Rayleigh scattering—the same phenomenon that creates red sunsets. The Earth’s atmosphere filters out blue light and bends red light toward the moon. However, for most of human history, people didn't have a scientific explanation; they had stories.         In the world of literature and culture, the blood moon is a powerful allusion. An allusion is a brief, indirect reference to a person, place, or event—often from history or the Bible. When a modern author uses the phrase "blood moon," they are rarely just talking about an eclipse; they are usually alluding to ancient prophecies of the "End of Days." This literary technique allows writers to add profound layers of meaning to their work, effectively connecting a simple natural event to centuries of human history and shared belief.        The most famous allusions come from the King James Bible, specifically the books of Joel and Revelation, which describe the moon "turning into blood" before a world-changing event. Because of these texts, the red moon has become a literary harbinger—a sign of significant or dangerous change. In Shakespeare’s plays, such as Othello, celestial changes like an eclipse are used to mirror the "madness" or chaos happening on Earth. This is known as the pathetic fallacy, where the environment reflects human emotions and moral turmoil.        Cultural folklore also provides a rich history of allusions. The ancient Incas believed a celestial jaguar was attacking and eating the moon, which is why it appeared to bleed. To save it, they would howl and shake spears to drive the predator away. Similarly, in ancient Mesopotamia, an eclipse was seen as a direct attack on the king. These historical "scripts" allow writers today to use the blood moon as a symbol of transformation, judgment, or the shifting of power.        Ultimately, the "blood moon" serves as a bridge between the physical world and the human imagination, transforming a predictable astronomical alignment into a profound cultural event. Whether interpreted through the lens of Rayleigh scattering or as a biblical omen, the phenomenon reminds us that humanity rarely views nature with total objectivity. When we look up at a crimson sky, we are participating in a multigenerational dialogue that explores the fascinating boundaries between the known world and the mystical.

IV. Writing and Reading Comprehension Questions Design (20%) Rewrite the given passage below into a well-structured text of 300 to 350 words and create 4 reading comprehension questions based on your rewritten passage. Be sure to provide the answer key. Tudor architecture marks a pivotal moment in English history, blending older medieval traditions with emerging Renaissance ideas to create a distinctive and lasting style. It is not only visually recognizable but also tied to a compelling story of ambition and power. One of the most famous examples begins in 1515, when Cardinal Thomas Wolsey—who rose from humble beginnings to become King Henry VIII’s most trusted advisor—began building Hampton Court Palace. Wolsey envisioned a residence so magnificent that it could rival even the King’s own. His project reflected both his immense influence and his desire to display it, while also helping shape what would become a defining architectural style of the Tudor period. Yet power can shift quickly. Wolsey’s failure to secure Henry VIII’s divorce from Catherine of Aragon led to his sudden downfall in 1529. The King seized Hampton Court Palace and transformed it into a royal residence, expanding it with additions such as the Great Hall and other lavish features. What began as Wolsey’s personal statement became one of the most iconic symbols of Tudor England. In a way, the palace stands as both a monument to royal authority and a reminder of Wolsey’s dramatic rise and fall. Although Wolsey played an important role in promoting this style, Tudor architecture did not originate with him alone. He functioned more as a patron, working with skilled architects and craftsmen. The style itself began to emerge in the late 15th century, during a transitional period when England was moving away from medieval Gothic traditions and gradually incorporating Renaissance influences. Named after the Tudor dynasty, which ruled from 1485 to 1603, the style developed during a time of increasing political stability following the Wars of the Roses. Under Henry VII, this stability created opportunities for architectural innovation and experimentation. As England entered a more peaceful era, the focus of building shifted. Instead of purely defensive structures, architects began designing grand manor houses and palaces that balanced protection with comfort and decoration. Figures such as Henry VII and Sir Reginald Bray contributed to this evolution through projects like Richmond Palace. These developments resulted in buildings that combined elements from both Gothic and Renaissance traditions, creating what can be described as a transitional or hybrid style. Over time, Tudor architecture established its own clear identity. It emphasized both functionality and visual appeal, with a strong focus on craftsmanship and the use of local materials. Timber and brick became especially important, and one notable shift during this period was the increased use of brick instead of stone. This change reflected not only aesthetic preferences but also broader economic and technological developments. Several key features define Tudor architecture. One of the most recognizable is half-timbering, where exposed wooden frames are filled with plaster or brick, forming distinctive patterns on exterior walls. Roofs are typically steeply pitched and often include multiple gables, making them both practical for weather conditions and visually striking. Tall, decorative chimneys are another hallmark, often elaborately designed to display wealth and status. Windows in Tudor buildings are usually narrow and tall, often grouped together and fitted with leaded glass. These casement windows allow natural light while maintaining a vertical emphasis inherited from Gothic design. Entrances frequently feature ornate doorways and Tudor arches, which are flatter than the sharply pointed arches of earlier Gothic structures. In wealthier buildings, a combination of brick and stonework further highlights the stylistic transition taking place during this time. The relationship between Tudor architecture and earlier styles is essential to understanding its significance. Gothic architecture, which had dominated Europe for centuries, heavily influenced Tudor design. Its vertical lines, intricate detailing, and pointed forms were adapted from large religious structures into more domestic settings. This allowed Tudor homes to retain a sense of grandeur while becoming more suitable for everyday living. At the same time, Renaissance ideas introduced a new focus on symmetry, proportion, and classical elements. Originating in Italy, the Renaissance gradually spread across Europe, influencing English architecture as well. Tudor builders incorporated some of these principles, particularly in their use of brickwork and more balanced designs. Rather than replacing Gothic elements entirely, these ideas blended together, resulting in a unique and distinctly English style. This fusion makes Tudor architecture a true transitional form, bridging the gap between medieval and modern design. It also laid the foundation for the Elizabethan style that followed, which would place even greater emphasis on symmetry and decorative complexity. Tudor buildings reflect a desire to combine the dramatic qualities of Gothic architecture with the harmony and order associated with the Renaissance. Ultimately, Tudor architecture represents more than just a style of building; it reflects a period of change in English society. It captures a time when stability allowed for creativity and when people sought to express both tradition and progress in their surroundings. From Wolsey’s ambitious vision at Hampton Court to the broader development of manor houses and palaces, Tudor architecture tells a story of experimentation and aspiration. It stands as a lasting example of how historical transitions can shape not only the way people live, but also the spaces they create.

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