114年 - 114 台灣聯合大學系統_學士班轉學生考試試題：普通生物學#128197

1. In an ecosystem, energy (A) cycles along with chemical nutrients. (B) typically flows from consumers to producers to decomposers. (C) typically flows from producers to a series of consumers. (D) comes ultimately from bacteria.

2. Which of the following trace elements needed by humans is commonly added to table salt? (A) iodine (B) iron (C) magnesium (D) fluoride

3. Organic compounds (A) always contain nitrogen. (B) are synthesized only by animal cells. (C) always contain carbon. (D) always contain oxygen.

4. One centimeter =________ millimeters. (A) 0.01 (B) 0.10 (C) 10 (D) 100

5. The cholesterol associated with animal cell membranes (A) is attached to membrane proteins and extends into the watery environment surrounding the cell. (B) helps to keep phospholipids from being too close to one another. (C) is an abnormality resulting from a diet high in cholesterol. (D) helps solidify the membranes when the room temperature is below freezing.

6. How do cells capture the energy released by cellular respiration? (A) They produce ATP. (B) They produce glucose. (C) They store energy in molecules of carbon dioxide. (D) The energy is coupled to oxygen.

7. CO₂ enters and O₂ escapes from a leaf via (A) stomata. (B) thylakoids. (C) grana. (D) stroma.

8. Sister chromatids are (A) found immediately after a cell divides. (B) joined together at a centromere. (C) made only of DNA. (D) unique to prokaryotes.

9. The alleles of a gene are found at ________ chromosomes. (A) the same locus on nonhomologous (B) different loci on homologous (C) different loci on nonhomologous (D) the same locus on homologous

10. If one strand of DNA is CGGTAC, then the complementary strand would be (A) GCCTAG. (B) GCCAUC. (C) TAACGT. (D) GCCATG.

11. 1Which of the following enzymes catalyzes the elongation of a new DNA strand? (A) RNA polymerase (B) DNA ligase (C) reverse transcriptase (D) DNA polymerase

12. A gene operon consists of (A) a transcribed gene only. (B) a promoter only. (C) a regulatory gene only. (D) transcribed genes, an operator, and a promoter.

13. vaccine works by (A) inhibiting bacterial replication. (B) stimulating the immune system. (C) inhibiting viral replication. (D) preventing the translation of mRNA.

14. Restriction enzymes (A) facilitate nucleotide base pairing. (B) cut DNA at specific sites. (C) stop transcription and translation. (D) bind together strands of DNA.

15.The core theme of biology, which explains both the unity and diversity of life, is (A) genetics. (B) ecology. (C) evolution. (D) metabolism.

16. Which of the following would a biologist describe as microevolution? (A) the formation of new species (B) the extinction of species (C) dramatic biological changes, such as the origin of flight, within a taxon (D) a change in the gene pool of a population from one generation to the next

17. Which highly reactive gas was probably absent from the Earth's primitive atmosphere? (A) methane (B) carbon dioxide (C) oxygen (D) water vapor

18. Prokaryotic cell walls function (A) to promote flexibility and formation of pseudopodia. (B) to prevent the cell from bursting in a hypotonic environment. (C) to propel cells (locomotion). (D) as a site of metabolic reactions (photosynthesis and cellular respiration).

19.The ripened ovary of a flower, which is adapted to disperse seeds, is called a/an (A) ovule. (B) casing. (C) fruit. (D) sporangium.

20. Which of the following animals displays radial symmetry? (A) an earthworm (B) a sea anemone (C) a fish (D) a lobster

21. Which is characteristic of all vertebrates? (A) a skull and a backbone consisting of vertebrae (B) a calcified (hard) skeleton and four legs (C) a hinged jaw (D) lungs or lung derivatives

22. Structure in the living world is organized into hierarchical levels. Which of the following correctly lists these from least inclusive to most inclusive? (A) cell, molecule, organ, organ system, tissue, organism (B) molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism (C) molecule, cell, organ, organ system, tissue, organism (D) cell, molecule, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

23. Digestion is the (A) absorption of nutrients suspended in water. (B) conversion of glycogen to glucose. (C) breakdown of food into molecules small enough for the body to absorb. (D) churning of food in the stomach and intestine.

24. A waste product of cellular respiration is (A) electrons. (B) hydrogen peroxide. (C) carbon dioxide. (D) glucose.

25. In mammals, which of the following vessels transports oxygenated blood from the lung back to the heart? (A) pulmonary artery (B) pulmonary vein (C) superior vena cava (D) coronary artery

26. During gas exchange, body cells (A) take up CO₂ and release O₂. (B) release O₂ to red blood cells. (C) increase in size to accommodate the reuptake of O₂. (D) release CO₂ and take up O₂.

27.Which of the following animals has a single circuit of blood flow and two heart chambers? (A) salamander (B) salmon (C) snake (D) squirrel

28. Natural killer cells (A) are phagocytes that attack and kill pathogenic microorganisms. (B) attack virus-infected cells by releasing chemicals that lead to cell death. (C) tag pathogenic microorganisms with antibodies. (D) "eat" microorganisms that have been tagged with antibodies.

29. The two main functions of the lymphatic system are (A) coagulating blood and fighting infections. (B) producing hormones that regulate the immune system and coagulating blood. (C) producing hormones that regulate the immune system and fighting infections. (D) returning tissue fluid to the circulatory system and fighting infections.

30. Some complement proteins (A) induce antibody formation by phagocytic cells. (B) help trigger the inflammatory response. (C) are released by natural killer cells to attack cancer and virus-infected cells. (D) replace T cells in the cell-mediated response.

31.Animals that maintain internal body temperature using heat generated by their own metabolism are called (A) endotherms. (B) ectotherms. (C) reptiles. (D) amphibians.

32. Compared to the endocrine system, the nervous system has a (A) faster response, but the signal does not last as long. (B) slower response, and a signal that does not last as long. (C) faster response with a longer-lasting signal. (D) slower response with a longer-lasting signal.

33. Reproductive systems with external fertilization are most common in (A) terrestrial animals. (B) populations with many more males than females. (C) animals that are widely dispersed. (D) aquatic animals.

34. The functional unit of the nervous system is the (A) cell body. (B) neuron. (C) axon. (D) synapse.

35. In stimulus detection, sensory receptor cells convert a stimulus into a(n) (A) neurotransmitter. (B) enzyme. (C) electric signal. (D) astigmatism.

36. Which structure constitutes part of the axial skeleton? (A) skull (B) pelvic girdle (C) pectoral girdle (D) radius

37. What is a characteristic of eudicots? (A) parallel leaf venation (B) vascular bundles scattered throughout the stem (C) a flower with six petals (D) a taproot system

38. The loss of water from the leaves of plants is (A) adhesion. (B) cohesion. (C) transpiration. (D) osmosis.

39. Plants grow toward light through the action of (A) hormones. (B) nerves. (C) phytochrome. (D) chloroplasts.

40.Which environmental factor has a direct effect on an organism's rate of water loss by evaporation? (A) insect biodiversity (B) wind (C) plant pollination rates (D) algae abundance