114年 - 114 國立中山大學_碩士班招生考試試題_生科系：生物化學與分子生物學#126278

1. In protein folding, which type of interaction stabilizes the a-helix structure? (A) Disulfide bonds (B) Hydrogen bonds (C) Ionic interactions (D) Hydrophobic interactions (E) Van der Waals forces

2. Which enzyme catalyzes the rate-limiting step of glycolysis? (A) Hexokinase (B) Phosphofructokinase-1 (C) Pyruvate kinase (D) Aldolase (E) Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase

3. Which of the following processes occurs in the mitochondria? (A) Glycolysis (B) Fatty acid synthesis (C) Oxidative phosphorylation (D) Pentose phosphate pathway (E) Protein translation

4. The enzyme responsible for unwinding DNA during replication is: (A) DNA polymerase (B) Ligase (C) Helicase (D) Topoisomerase (E) Primase

5. Which of the following is a product of the urea cycle? (A) Uric acid (B) Ammonia (C) Urea (D) Creatinine (E) Bilirubin

6. What is the role of chaperone proteins in the cell? (A) Facilitate protein folding (B) Catalyze enzymatic reactions (C) Transport molecules across membranes (D) Anchor cytoskeletal filaments (E) Promote cell signaling

7. Which molecule is the main acceptor of electrons in the electron transport chain? (A) NAD+ (B) FAD (C) Coenzyme Q (D) Oxygen (E) Cytochrome c

8. What is the function of telomerase? (A) Repair DNA damage (B) Remove RNA primers (C) Join Okazaki fragments (D) Initiate DNA replication (E) Replicate the ends of chromosomes

9. Which molecule is required for the activation of fatty acids before ẞ-oxidation? (A) Coenzyme A (B) NADH (C) FADH2 (D) ATP (E) Malonyl-CoA

10. Which type of RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis? (A) mRNA (B) miRNA (C) rRNA (D) snRNA (E) tRNA

11. Which of the following is a major component of the lipid bilayer in cell membranes? (A) Cholesterol (B) Glycolipids (C) Phospholipids (D) Sphingolipids (E) Triglycerides

12. Which of the following techniques is used to amplify DNA? (A) Southern blotting (B) Northern blotting (C) Gel electrophoresis (D) Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) (E) DNA sequencing

13. What is the role of restriction enzymes in molecular biology? (A) Ligate DNA fragments (B) Repair DNA mutations (C) Amplify RNA sequences (D) Convert RNA to DNA (E) Cut DNA at specific sequences

14. Which technique is used for the separation of proteins based on their size? (A) SDS-PAGE (B) Western blotting (C) ELISA (D) PCR (E) Northern blotting

15. In CRISPR-Cas9, the Cas9 protein functions as: (A) A DNA-binding protein (B) A DNA-cleaving enzyme (C) A DNA-polymerizing enzyme (D) An RNA-editing enzyme (E) A protein-folding catalyst

16. Which type of cloning involves the transfer of a somatic cell nucleus into an enucleated egg cell? (A) Gene cloning (B) Molecular cloning (C) Reproductive cloning (D) Therapeutic cloning (E) Tissue cloning

17. The enzyme reverse transcriptase is used in which process? (A) DNA replication (B) RNA splicing (C) cDNA synthesis (D) Protein translation (E) DNA repair

18. Which of the following techniques separates DNA fragments based on their size? (A) Gel electrophoresis (B) Centrifugation (C) Southern blotting (D) DNA hybridization (E) PCR

19. What does "knockout" refer to in genetic research? (A) Removing a gene to study its function (B) Introducing a new gene into an organism (C) Altering the gene sequence with CRISPR (D) Silencing RNA expression (E) Amplifying gene expression

20. What is the purpose of electroporation in genetic engineering? (A) To synthesize proteins from mRNA (B) To amplify DNA sequences (C) To deliver DNA into cells by creating temporary pores in the membrane (D) To degrade unwanted DNA (E) To separate DNA fragments

21. Which molecule is used as a probe in Southern blotting? (A) Restriction enzymes (B) Antibodies (C) RNA fragments (D) Radioactive or fluorescently labeled DNA (E) Proteins

22. What is the function of a promoter in a plasmid vector? (A) It encodes for antibiotic resistance (B) It cleaves DNA at specific sequences (C) It facilitates the initiation of transcription (D) It enables DNA replication (E) It binds restriction enzymes

23. Which of the following is an example of ex vivo gene therapy? (A) Administering a virus to infect diseased cells in situ (B) Delivering a gene directly into the bloodstream (C) Using CRISPR to edit genes in the patient's body (D) Treating blood cells with a therapeutic gene outside the body and reintroducing them (E) Vaccination with DNA plasmids

24. Which of the following methods is used to determine the three-dimensional structure of proteins? (A) PVR (B) Gel electrophoresis (C) X-ray crystallography (D) Northern blotting (E) Flow cytometry

25. What is the primary role of MHC class I molecules? (A) Present antigens to helper T cells (B) Present antigens to cytotoxic T cells (C) Activate B cells (D) Bind to antibodies (E) Stimulate macrophages

26. Which immunoglobulin is primarily found in mucosal secretions? (A) IgA (B) IgM (C) IgG (D) IgE (E) IgD

27. Which of the following is an example of passive immunity? (A) Vaccination with live attenuated virus (B) Transfer of maternal antibodies to the fetus (C) Natural infection (D) Immunization with inactivated toxin (E) Activation of T cells

28. Which cells express both CD4 and CD8 markers during development? (A) Naive T cells (B) Memory T cells (C) Double-positive thymocytes (D) Effector T cells (E) Regulatory T cells

29. What is the primary function of dendritic cells in the immune system? (A) Produce antibodies (B) Activate cytotoxic T cells (C) Act as antigen-presenting cells (D) Secrete inflammatory cytokines (E) Kill virus-infected cells

30. Which cytokine is primarily involved in stimulating the production of antiviral proteins? (A) Interleukin-2 (IL-2) (B) Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) (C) Interleukin-4 (IL-4) (D) Interferon-alpha (IFN-a) (E) Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)

簡答題

1. Provide two examples illustrating the mechanisms of immune checkpoints.

2. Please describe the intracellular proteolytic cascade involved in apoptosis, mediated by caspases.

3. Explain the key biochemical features of ferroptosis and how it differs from other forms of regulated cell death, such as apoptosis and necroptosis.

4. How is the enormous diversity of immunoglobulin molecules generated, enabling the production of antibodies against an almost unlimited range of antigens?