複選題
17 關於原發性膽道性肝硬化症(primary biliary cirrhosis)的敘述,下列何者錯誤?
(A)絕大多數發生在中年女性
(B)血清生化檢查,主要顯示典型膽汁滯留的變化,ALP 及 GGT 明顯升高,AST、ALT 僅呈輕度升高,
膽紅素升高以間接型膽紅素為主
(C)90%患者的 AMA 抗體皆呈陽性,可與自體免疫肝炎(autoimmune hepatitis)及原發性硬化性膽道
炎(primary sclerosing cholangitis)作鑑別
(D)目前認為 ursodeoxycholic acid 能延長患者壽命,且延遲肝移植
統計: A(2), B(32), C(15), D(30), E(1) #1054372
詳解 (共 2 筆)
原本公布解答為(B)經申覆後(B)(D)都給分
(B)如果疾病進展到jaundice屬於obstruction jaundice應該是直接型膽紅素為主
(D)但在2012年這篇The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7045744/
Rudic JS, Poropat G, Krstic MN, Bjelakovic G, Gluud C (December 2012). "Ursodeoxycholic acid for primary biliary cirrhosis"
This updated review confirms and extends previous observations showing no benefit of ursodeoxycholic acid on all‐cause mortality and on all‐cause mortality or liver transplantation.
(A) 好發在40~60歲的中年婦女(男:女是1:9)→正確
(C) 一般最早是發現ALP升高。患者的ALP和γ-GT通常是正常值的10倍以上,但GOT和GPT卻可能正常或升高1.5~4倍。
原發性膽道性肝硬化症(Primary Biliary Cirrhosis, PBC)
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), previously known as primary biliary cirrhosis, is an autoimmune disease of the liver.
The condition has been recognised since at least 1851, and was named "primary biliary cirrhosis" in 1949.至少從 1851 年起就發現這個疾病,在1949年命名為primary biliary cirrhosis 原發性膽道性肝硬化症Because cirrhosis is a feature only of advanced disease, a change of its name to "primary biliary cholangitis" was proposed by patient advocacy groups in 2014.但是因為cirrhosis只有在病程進展的病人才會發生,所以2104年就改名叫做primary biliary cholangitis原發性膽汁性膽管炎
主要是因為肝臟小膽管緩慢、漸進性破壞造成的,導致膽汁和其他毒素在肝臟中積聚results from a slow, progressive destruction of the small bile ducts of the liver, causing bile and other toxins to build up in the liver, a condition called cholestasis.
an autoimmune disease of the liver
results from a slow, progressive destruction of the small bile ducts of the liver, causing bile and other toxins to build up in the liver, a condition called cholestasis. Further slow damage to the liver tissue can lead to scarring, fibrosis, and eventually cirrhosis.
Common symptoms are tiredness疲倦, itching搔癢, and in more advanced cases, jaundice. In early cases, the only changes may be those seen in blood tests.
The condition has been recognised since at least 1851, and was named "primary biliary cirrhosis" in 1949. Because cirrhosis is a feature only of advanced disease, a change of its name to "primary biliary cholangitis" was proposed by patient advocacy groups in 2014.
https://doctor.get.com.tw/m/journal/detail.aspx?no=403218
好發在40~60歲的中年婦女(男:女是1:9),以北歐地區罹患率特別高,一等親得到這種病的機率大約為正常人的1000倍。病因目前仍不明,一般認為是一種自體免疫性疾病所致,因為患者血中抗粒線體自身抗體(Anti-Mitochondrial Antibody,AMA)及IgM皆升高;本病發展緩慢,主要是肝內膽管進行性破壞,伴隨門脈周圍炎症,最終導致肝纖維化與肝硬化。患者早期症狀輕微,通常有皮膚、鞏膜黃染、皮膚搔癢和脫屑。後期逐漸出現肝、脾腫大,但表面尚光滑,無壓痛。食慾與體重通常無明顯下降。
臨床上,對於一些原因不明出現的長期梗阻性黃疸,尤其是伴有steatorrhea(由於膽汁淤積和胰腺分泌功能障礙引起)或xanthomatosis患者,更應注意是否有其它Autoimmune disease並存,如RA、Sjogrens syndrome、Scleroderma、Hashimoto thyroiditis;其他可能出現的表徵包括clubbing finger、食道靜脈瘤、外周神經病、骨病變、renal tubular acidosis。
生化檢查:
患者經常是因為驗血時出現異常而被診斷出,
一般最早是發現ALP升高。患者的ALP和γ-GT通常是正常值的10倍以上,
但GOT和GPT卻可能正常或升高1.5~4倍。疾病早期,bilirubin一般是正常的,
隨著病情進行,bilirubin逐漸升高。
檢查中最具特色項目是AMA(+),其成分是焦葡萄酸鹽脫氫酵素(pyruvate dehydrogenase,PDH),所以抗PDH抗體的陽性率高,也呈高力效價。利用AMA(+)或抗PDH抗體(+)可與自體免疫性肝炎及原發性硬化性膽道炎作鑑別。
肝穿刺組織病理學檢查:
可見到小葉間膽管的慢性非化膿性破壞性膽管炎(Chronic Nonsuppurative Cholangitis,CNSDC)或膽管消失。連續切片檢查以提高診斷率。
以腹部超音波檢查:
確認有無機械性膽道閉鎖、膽道結石、惡性腫瘤、PSC等所引起膽汁淤積的各種疾患。
診斷
可從病史、各種臨床表現、驗血、肝穿刺組織病理學檢查結果、影像檢查上得到結論。
慢性非化膿性破壞性膽管炎(Chronic Nonsuppurative Cholangitis,CNSDC)是本病早期的特徵性變化
診斷依據:
1.中年以上婦女,皮膚明顯瘙癢、肝臟腫大、皮膚黃色瘤;
2.CHO明顯↑,BiL輕~中度↑,ALP↑,膽酸↑;
3.IgM↑,AMA(+)或抗PDH抗體(+)且滴度高。肝穿刺組織病理學檢查有助於確診。
血清生化檢查通常會顯示以下變化:
ALP(Alkaline Phosphatase):通常會升高,因為膽管受損導致膽管細胞增生。
GGT(膽管轉移酶):也會升高,與ALP類似,因為膽管受損。
AST(天冬氨酸氨基轉移酶):可能會略微升高,但不如ALT那麼明顯。
ALT(肝臟氨基轉移酶):通常會升高,因為肝細胞受損。
至於膽紅素升高,主要是直接型膽紅素(direct Bilirubin),因為膽管受損導致膽紅素的排泄受阻。