複選題
44. For the hormone and signaling in the intercellular communication by secreted molecules, which one below best describes the signaling that the secreted molecules diffuse locally and the trigger the response of the cells?
(A)Endocrine signaling
(B) Autocrine signaling
(C) Paracrine signaling
(D)Neuroendocrine signaling
(E)Synaptic signaling

複選題40. In animal embryo development, what is the fate of the blastopore? (A) It became part of the neural tube. (B) It became the mouth. (C) It became the anus. (D)It became the esophagus. (E)It became the coclom.

41. In all invertebrates, which group holds the most diversity (has the highest number of species)? (A)Gastrotricha (B) Nemertea (C) Arthropoda (D)Mullusca (E)Nematoda

42. After a long research about the "warm-blooded"' animals (birds and mammals), the scientists found that they were not evolved from a common ancestor. Which animal group is most closely related to birds in the history of life? (A)Turtles (B) Saurischian dinosaurs (C) Lizards (D)Crocodile (E)Snakes

43. The epithelial tissues of human body are the most likely tissues to be in contact with the environment. Which kind of epithelial tissue covers the air sacs of the lungs? (A)Stratified squamous epithelium (B) Pseudostratified columnar epithelium (C) Simple squamous epithelium (D)Simple columnar epithelium (E)Cuboidal epithelium

45. One hormone could have different effects in different cells. For example, epinephrine acts differently in different cells. Which one below is incorrect? (A)Epinephrine binds to beta receptors of liver cells and cause the release of glucose to increase the blood sugar level. (B) Epinephrine binds to beta receptors of liver cells and cause the intake of glucose to decrease the blood sugar level. (C) Epinephrine binds to the beta receptors of the smooth muscle cells in wall of blood vessel that supplies skeletal muscle and causes the relaxation of the smooth muscle cells. (D)Epinephrine binds to the beta receptors of the smooth muscle cells in wall of blood vessel that supplies skeletal muscle and causes the contraction of the smooth muscle cells. (E)Epinephrine binds to the alpha receptors of the smooth muscle cells in wall of blood vesse! that supplies intestines and causes the relaxation of the smooth muscle cells.

46. Which pair of animal digestive tract part that secrets an enzyme and the digestive enzyme is an incorrect (A)Oral cavity - salivary amylase (B) Stomach - pepsin (C) Small intestine - nucleotidases (D)Pancreas- lipase (E)Small intestine - disaccharidases

47. Steam cells would differentiate into lymphoid and myeloid progenitor cells. Which type of cells is NOT derived from the myeloid progenitor cells? (A)B cells (B) Erythrocytes (C) Neutrophils (D)Monocytes (E)Platelets

48. Which below does not involve in the blood clotting? (A)Platelets (B) Damaged cells in blood vessel (C) Prothrombin in plasma (D)Fibrinogen (E)Lymphocytes match?

49. In the comparison of the osmoregulation in freshwater and marine fish, which one is an incorrect statement? (A)Marine fish gain water via drinking water. (B) Marine fish excrete salt ions from gills. (C) Freshwater fish excrete water from kidneys. (D)Freshwater fish gain water via drinking water. (E) Freshwater fish intake salt ions from gills.

50. Which one is the best gene expression explanation of why the human immune system could respond to different types of pathogens (i.e., the receptor diversity)? (A)This is because there are a lot of introns in the human evolutionary history that recoded the types of pathogen genetic information. (B) This is because there are a lot of exons in the human evolutionary history that recoded the types of pathogen genetic information. (C) This is because there are many types of V segments and J segments in the Ig genes that could assemble into the antigen receptors to respond to the pathogen. (D)This is because there are many types of C segments and J segments in the Ig genes that could assemble into the antigen receptors to respond to the pathogen. (E)This is because there are many types of V segments and C segments in the Ig genes that could assemble into the antigen receptors to respond to the pathogen.