1. Variation in carbon chains is an important source of molecular complexity. How can carbon skeletons vary?
(A)Carbon skeletons can vary in length and contain rings of carbon atoms
(B)Carbon skeletons can vary in length, exhibit different branching structures, contain double bonds at different positions, and contain rings of carbon atoms
(C)Carbon skeletons only vary in length
(D)Carbon skeletons can vary in length and contain double bonds at different positions
(E)Carbon skeletons can vary in length and exhibit different branching structures

77. 臺東縣因地處偏鄉，為臺灣地區資源相對缺乏地區，醫療專業人才同樣聘任不易。該縣 某地區醫院，到目前為止仍未成立專科護理師作業小組，依照目前規範，下列何者為該院 專科護理師可以執行之業務？ (A) 代為開立會診單 (B) 代為開立藥物處方醫囑 (C) 表淺傷口清創 (D) 拔除鼻胃管

78. 依據「專科護理師於醫師監督下執行醫療業務辦法」之規定，執行預立特定醫療流程之標準作業程序應包括下列何者？ ① 得由醫師預立特定醫療流程 ② 得由專科護理師預立特定醫療流程 ③ 經專科護理師作業小組審查及確認預立特定醫療流程內容 ④ 經科部作業小組審查及確認預立特定醫療流程內容 ⑤ 經醫療機構核定後實施 ⑥經科部核定後實施 (A) ①②③ (B) ①③⑤ (C) ②④⑥ (D) ④⑤⑥

79. 病人因車禍送至急診，血壓偏低、心跳較快、意識不清，請問下列處置何者優先順序 較不急迫？ (A) 執行腦部電腦斷層 (B) 暢通呼吸道 (C) 注意呼吸與換氣功能 (D) 穩定血壓

80. 30 歲女性病人有心臟瓣膜疾病史，近來總是覺得疲累、夜間會突然醒來且心跳加速。於心尖處聽診到一個柔軟、高頻率的收縮期心雜音，下列何者為最可能之診斷？(A) 主動脈瓣逆流 ( aortic regurgitation ) (B) 主動脈瓣狹窄 ( aortic stenosis ) (C) 二尖瓣逆流 ( mitral regurgitation ) (D) 二尖瓣狹窄 ( mitral stenosis )

2. A cell has formed a food vacuole as it ingested a food particle. Which of the following events is associated with the breakdown of that food particle? (A)enzymes for the breakdown of the food are delivered to the food vacuole from the cytosol (B)proteins for digestion of the food particle were initially processed in mitochondria (C)proteins for digestion of the food are made by ribosomes in the Golgi apparatus (D)the membrane of the food vacuole is derived from the cell wall (E)digestion of the food particle occurs in a vesicle enclosed by a membrane that separates the digestion from the cytoplasm

3. In mitochondrial electron transport, what is the direct role of O2? (A)to provide the driving force for the synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi (B)to oxidize NADH and FADH2 from glycolysis, acetyl CoA formation, and the citric acid cycle (C)to provide the driving force for the production of a proton gradient (D)to function as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain (E)to provide electrons

4. Imagine protein X, destined to span the plasma membrane； assume the mRNA carrying the genetic message for protein X has been translated by ribosomes in a cell culture. If you fractionate the cells, in which fraction would you find protein X? (A)pellet rich in nuclei and cellular debris (B)pellet rich in "microsomes" (C)pellet rich in mitochondria (D)pellet rich in ribosomes (E)pellet rich in microtubules

5. Which cell would be best for studying lysosomes? (A)bacterial cell (B)phagocytic white blood cell (C)muscle cell (D)nerve cell (E)fibroblast

6. Consider this pathway: epinephrine → G protein‐coupled receptor → G protein → adenylyl cyclase → cAMP. Identify the second messenger. (A)adenylyl cyclase (B)G protein (C)cAMP (D)GTP (E)dATP

7. Which of the following occurs during apoptosis? (A)release of proteases outside the cell (B)lysis of the cell (C)direct contact between signaling cells (D)fragmentation of the DNA (E)DNA replication