10. An ideal gas, consisting of n moles, undergoes an irreversible process in which the temperature T has the same value at the beginning and end. If the volume changes from Vi to V_f, the change in entropy is given by: (A) nR (Vf−Vi) (B) nR (Vf/Vi) (C) nR ln(Vf/Vi) (D) nR ln(Vi/Vf) (E) none of the above (entropy can't be calculated for an irreversible process)

11. A small metal sphere is suspended from the conducting cover of a conducting metal ice bucket by a non-conducting thread. The sphere is given a negative charge before the cover is placed on the bucket. The bucket is tilted by means of a non-conducting material so that the charged sphere touches the inside of the bucket. Which statement is correct? (A) The negative charge remains on the metal sphere. (B) The negative charge spreads over the outside surface of the bucket and cover. (C) The negative charge spreads over the inside surface of the bucket and cover. (D) The negative charge spreads equally over the inside and outside surfaces of the bucket and cover. (E) The negative charge spreads equally over the sphere and the inside and outside surfaces of the bucket and cover.

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