13. The major physics principle that supports endoscope is ______.
(A) refraction of light
(B) diffraction of light
(C) interference of light
(D) scattering of light
(E) total internal reflection of light

45. The figure shows a closed cycle for a gas. From c to b, 60 J is transferred from the gas as heat. From b to a, 100 J is transferred from the gas as heat, and the magnitude of the work done by the gas is 80 J. From a to c, 400 J is transferred to the gas as heat. What is the work done by the gas from a to c?  (A) -240 J (B) 240 J (C) 320 J (D) -320J (E) -160 J

46. A quantity of an ideal gas is compressed to half its initial volume. The process may be adiabatic, isothermal or occurring at isobaric. Rank those three processes in order of the work required of an external agent, least to greatest. (A) adiabatic, isothermal, isobaric (B) adiabatic, isobaric, isothermal (C) isothermal, adiabatic, isobaric (D) isobaric, adiabatic, isothermal (E) isobaric, isothermal, adiabatic

47. An ideal parallel-plate capacitor connected to a battery of voltage V0, it has charge of magnitude Q0 on its plates. The plates are pulled apart to a separation from d to 2d while the capacitor remains connected to the battery. After the plates are 2d apart, what are the magnitude of the charge on the plates and the potential difference between them? (A) 0.5Q0, 0.5V0 (B) 0.5Q0, V0 (C) Q0, V0 (D) 2Q0, V0 (E) 2Q0, 2V0

48. A group of identical capacitors is connected first in series and then in parallel. The combined capacitance in parallel is 100 times larger than for the series connection. How many capacitors are in the group? (A) 5 (B) 10 (C) 50 (D) 100 (E) 200

49. A cylinder contains n mol of helium gas (ideal monatomic gas) at a temperature of 300 K. The universal gas constant is R (R=) , where is Avogadro’ number and is Boltzmann’s constant. If the gas is heated at constant pressure, how much energy must be transferred by heat to the gas after it is heated to 500 K? (A) 200n? (B) 300nR (C) 500nR (D) 800nR (E) 1000nR

50. The switch is connected to position a for a long time interval as shown in the figure. At t = 0, the switch is thrown to position b. After this time, what are the frequency of oscillation of the LC circuit? (A) 159 Hz (B) 359 Hz (C) 559 Hz (D) 759 Hz (E) 959 Hz

51. An infinite long wire is charged uniformly with line charge density λ. What is the electric field at a point with a distance y from the stick? (Electric constant is ε0) (A) (B)(C) (D) (E)

52. A charge +q is at the position a and a second charge –q is placed at –a as shown in the figure. What is the limiting form of the electric field for x ≫ a? (Coulomb’s constant is ) (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

53. A 30-turn circular coil of radius 1 m and resistance 1 Ω is placed in a magnetic field directed perpendicular to the plane of the coil. The magnitude of the magnetic field varies in time according to the expression B = 0.1 t + 0.04 t2 , where B is in tesla and t is in second. Calculate the induced emf in the coil at t = 5 s. (A) 27 V (B) 37 V (C) 47 V (D) 57 V (E) 67 V

54. Electric currents I1 and I2 are flowing through two parallel electric wires which are separated apart by a distance R. What is the force per unit length between the two parallel wires? (Magnetic constant is μ0) (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

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