15. Following treatment with restriction enzymes, what procedure would be used to isolate DNA fragments of different lengths?
(A)transformation
(B)transfection
(C)gel electrophoresis
(D)colony hybridization
(E)Western blotting

11. Meiosis I produces __________, and meiosis II produces _________ cells. (A)two diploid, two haploid (B)two diploid, 4 haploid (C)two haploid, 4 haploid (D)two haploid, two haploid (E)two somatic, two gametic

12. When a single-gene mutation can have phenotypic effects at multiple stages of development, it is (A)pleiotropic. (B)incompletely dominant. (C)recessive. (D)causing a disease. (E)codominant.

13. The karyotype of a young patient shows two Barr bodies per cell. What condition might this child have? (A)Turner syndrome (B)Triple X syndrome (C)Down syndrome (D)Klinefelter syndrome (E)This child is a normal female.

14. Transduction is (A)the transfer of viral genes to a bacteria by a virus. (B)the transfer of bacterial genes to another bacteria by a virus. (C)the use of bacterial replication machinery to produce viral particles. (D)the transfer of bacterial genes from one bacteria to another. (E)the transfer of bacterial genes to another via a pilus.

16. The entire collection of a species' proteins is known as its (A)genome. (B)proteome. (C)metabolome. (D)microsome. (E)transcriptosome.

17. Homologous genes in different species are called (A)analogs. (B)paralogs. (C)orthologs. (D)dialogs. (E)monologs.

18. A species that is naturally found only in a particular location is called (A)extinct. (B)endemic. (C)extinct due to the action of humans. (D)exotic. (E)transitional.

19. If goats are crossed with sheep, embryos will form but cease development and spontaneously abort. This is an example of (A)a prezygotic mechanism. (B)hybrid inviability. (C)hybrid sterility. (D)hybrid breakdown. (E)spermatic behavior.

20. The photosynthetic activity of cyanobacteria takes place in their: (A)thylakoids (B)chloroplast (C)pili (D)vesicles (E)vibrios 

21. Which of following is NOT true? (A)Melatonin regulates functions related to light and to seasons marked by changes in day length. (B)Vitamin D actvation begins in the kidneys and is completed in the liver. (C)Prolactin regulates fat metabolism in birds. (D)Humans require thyroid hormones for the normal function of bone-forming cells. (E)In mammals, melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) functions in hunger and metabolism in addition to coloration.