104年 - 高雄醫學大學 103 學年度學生轉系考試【普通生物學】試題 #86807

1. Which of the followings is NOT true for cilia or flagella? (A)They are involved in cell motility. (B)They require ATP to work. (C)They are composed of microfilaments. (D)They require motor proteins to work. (E)They are composed of an internal structure called the axoneme.

2. Which would be the most accurate endomembrane route through which a protein is secreted from a cell? (A)Golgi apparatus→lysosome→vesicles→plasma membrane (B)plasmid→plasma membrane→nuclear envelope→smooth endoplasmic reticulum (C)nuclear envelope→vesicles→Golgi apparatus→plasma membrane (D)rough endoplasmic reticulum→lysosomes→vesicles→cell membrane (E)rough endoplasmic reticulum→ Golgi apparatus→vesicles →plasma membrane

3. Which term most precisely describes the cellular process of breaking down large molecules into smaller ones? (A)catalysis (B)metabolism (C)anabolism (D)dehydration (E)catabolism

4. Adenylyl cyclase is to cAMP as ________ is to IP3. (A)protein kinase A (B)protein kinase C (C)calmodulin (D)Raf1 (E)phospholipase C

5. A DNA specimen that contains 30% guanine has ________ thymine. (A)10% (B)20% (C)30% (D)40% (E)The amount of thymine cannot be determined.

6. All of the following are critical factors for DNA replication on the leading strand EXCEPT? (A)primer (B)DNA ligase (C)DNA polymerase (D)DNA primase (E)deoxynucleoside triphosphates

7. Which of the following statements about DNA replication is INCORRECT? (A)It begins at multiple origins of replication sites along eukaryotic chromosomes. (B)It proceeds with the addition of new nucleotides to the 3 end of a growing DNA strand. (C)It is powered by the hydrolysis of ATP. (D)Each strand within the DNA double helix is used as a template for synthesis of a new strand. (E)It requires that each strand in the double helix be separated from the other.

8. What molecule provides the energy for translation? (A)ADP (B)ATP (C)GMP (D)GDP (E)GTP

9. The core promoter in eukaryotes is usually composed of which two features? (A)transcriptional start site and enhancer (B)transcriptional start site and response elements (C)transcriptional start site and TATA box (D)enhancer and TATA box (E)response elements and TATA box

10. A mutation causes a gene to become overactive, contributing to uncontrolled cell growth. Which term best describes this gene? (A)tumor-suppressor gene (B)oncogene (C)spliced gene (D)alternatively spliced gene (E)malignant gene

11. Meiosis I produces __________, and meiosis II produces _________ cells. (A)two diploid, two haploid (B)two diploid, 4 haploid (C)two haploid, 4 haploid (D)two haploid, two haploid (E)two somatic, two gametic

12. When a single-gene mutation can have phenotypic effects at multiple stages of development, it is (A)pleiotropic. (B)incompletely dominant. (C)recessive. (D)causing a disease. (E)codominant.

13. The karyotype of a young patient shows two Barr bodies per cell. What condition might this child have? (A)Turner syndrome (B)Triple X syndrome (C)Down syndrome (D)Klinefelter syndrome (E)This child is a normal female.

14. Transduction is (A)the transfer of viral genes to a bacteria by a virus. (B)the transfer of bacterial genes to another bacteria by a virus. (C)the use of bacterial replication machinery to produce viral particles. (D)the transfer of bacterial genes from one bacteria to another. (E)the transfer of bacterial genes to another via a pilus.

15. Following treatment with restriction enzymes, what procedure would be used to isolate DNA fragments of different lengths? (A)transformation (B)transfection (C)gel electrophoresis (D)colony hybridization (E)Western blotting

16. The entire collection of a species' proteins is known as its (A)genome. (B)proteome. (C)metabolome. (D)microsome. (E)transcriptosome.

17. Homologous genes in different species are called (A)analogs. (B)paralogs. (C)orthologs. (D)dialogs. (E)monologs.

18. A species that is naturally found only in a particular location is called (A)extinct. (B)endemic. (C)extinct due to the action of humans. (D)exotic. (E)transitional.

19. If goats are crossed with sheep, embryos will form but cease development and spontaneously abort. This is an example of (A)a prezygotic mechanism. (B)hybrid inviability. (C)hybrid sterility. (D)hybrid breakdown. (E)spermatic behavior.

20. The photosynthetic activity of cyanobacteria takes place in their: (A)thylakoids (B)chloroplast (C)pili (D)vesicles (E)vibrios

21. Which of following is NOT true? (A)Melatonin regulates functions related to light and to seasons marked by changes in day length. (B)Vitamin D actvation begins in the kidneys and is completed in the liver. (C)Prolactin regulates fat metabolism in birds. (D)Humans require thyroid hormones for the normal function of bone-forming cells. (E)In mammals, melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) functions in hunger and metabolism in addition to coloration.

22. Exchange of genetic material in ciliates is known as: (A)macronucleosis (B)micronucleosis (C)conjugation (D)panmixis (E)myxomycetosis

23. The phloem: (A)transports water from the roots to the stems and leaves (B)transports food between the leaves and the roots (C)transports minerals from the roots to the stems and leaves (D)transports carbon dioxide from the leaves to the stems and roots (E)All of the other choices provided are correct

24. Endosperm is found in: (A)angiosperms (B)gymnosperms (C)ferns (D)mosses (E)horsetails

25. The cell walls of fungi are composed of: (A)chitin (B)cellulose (C)dentine (D)peptides (E)glycerol

26. The putative ancestor of animals was: (A)choanoflagellates (B)chytrids (C)gnetophytes (D)stramenopiles (E)euglenozoa

27. It is possible to make a form of nitrogen that is useable by plants; however, the major drawback to this process is: (A)time involved (B)getting enough nitrogen (C)cost of converting nitrogen to a useable form (D)temperatures must be extremely high (E)it is difficult to contain the end product

28. Collagen is a tough, stretch-resistant protein. You would be most likely to find collagen in which type of tissue? (A)nervous (B)muscular (C)epithelial (D)connective (E)epithelial and connective tissue

29. In negative feedback, the variable being regulated is changed in the _______ direction, while in positive feedback the variable is changed in the ________ direction. (A)same, opposite (B)decreasing, increasing (C)negative, positive (D)inhibitory, stimulatory (E)opposite, same

30. Which part of the neuron is responsible for receiving information? (A)axon (B)dendrite (C)soma (D)nucleus (E)axon hillock

31. Inside the CNS, groups of neuronal cell bodies that are clustered together to perform basic functions are termed (A)nerve nets. (B)ganglia. (C)nuclei. (D)spinal cords. (E)soma.

32. Our sense of balance depends most directly on (A)the vestibular system. (B)the auditory system. (C)the visual system. (D)mechanoreceptors in our hands and feet. (E)stretch receptors in our skeletal muscles.

33. Bile is crucial for ______ digestion because of its function in _______. (A)protein, protecting the stomach lining (B)fat, solubilizing glycerol:fatty acid bonds (C)nucleic acids, uncoiling DNA strands (D)fat, emulsification (E)protein, lyophilization

34. Which of the following bacteria is known to be a contributing factor in the development of stomach ulcers? (A)Clostridium tetani (B)Vibrio cholerae (C)Helicobacter pylori (D)Staphylococcus aureus (E)Escherichia coli

35. Estivation in animals is an example of what specific phenomenon? (A)sleep (B)rest (C)torpor (D)hiding (E)activity

36. ______ do NOT depend on the circulatory system to deliver oxygen to the tissues. (A)Insects (B)Molluscs (C)Mammals (D)Birds (E)Amphibians

37. The volume of air normally breathed in and out of the lungs in a single breath at rest is referred to as the _____ volume. (A)tidal (B)total (C)reserve (D)inspiratory reserve (E)expiratory reserve

38. The bulk of the reabsorption of useful materials by the kidney takes place in the (A)renal corpuscle. (B)proximal convoluted tubule. (C)loop of Henle. (D)distal convoluted tubule. (E)collecting ducts.

39. The descending portion of the loop of Henle is (A)permeable to water and impermeable to sodium. (B)permeable to water and permeable to sodium. (C)impermeable to water and permeable to sodium. (D)impermeable to water and impermeable to sodium. (E)the site of active transport of water

40. ________ is a water-soluble hormone derived from the nervous system that regulates blood volume and blood pressure? (A)Antidiuretic hormone (B)Aldosterone (C)Cortisol (D)Oxytocin (E)Adrenocorticotropic hormone

41. The ectoderm is to the central nervous system as the mesoderm is to the (A)epidermis. (B)respiratory tube. (C)digestive tract. (D)skeletal muscle. (E)peripheral nervous system.

42. The clonal selection theory is an explanation for (A)how a single type of stem cell can produce both red blood cells and white blood cells. (B)how antibody proteins can be molded to fit antigens after the antigen interacts with the antibody-producing type of cell. (C)how an antigen can induce the multiplication of very few cells to result in production of high levels of specific antibodies. (D)how HIV can disrupt the immune system. (E)how macrophages can recognize specific T cells and B cells.

43. Which of following is NOT true? (A)Amino acid neurotransmitters are active in the vertebrate CNS and PNS. (B)Binding of GABA to receptors in postsynaptic cells increases membrane permeability to potassium. (C)The biogenic amine serotonin made from tryptophan. (D)In the PNS, CO acts as an inhibitory neurotransmitter that hyperpolarized the plasma membrane of intestinal smooth muscle cells. (E)In the CNS, the amino acid glutamate is the most common neurotransmitter.

44. Patterns of species change and succession are one focus of (A)behavioral ecology. (B)environmental science. (C)biological control. (D)community ecology. (E)physiological ecology.

45. What is the process through which many animals develop irreversible species-specific behavior patterns? (A)altruism (B)taxis (C)operant conditioning (D)cognitive learning (E)imprinting

46. Organisms that produce all of their offspring in a single event are (A)always successful. (B)never successful. (C)autogenous. (D)semelparous. (E)iteroparous.

47. Similar species can coexist in a community because of (A)resource partitioning. (B)competitive exclusion. (C)allopatric competition. (D)sympatric competition. (E)allopatric competition and sympatric competition.

48. Ecosystem ecology is primarily concerned with (A)ecosystem stability. (B)interactions among species. (C)the synthesis of new forms of nutrients. (D)patterns of species diversity. (E)movement of energy and materials through organisms and their communities.

49. Species that create, modify and maintain habitat are known as (A)indicator species. (B)keystone species. (C)dominant species. (D)SLOSS builders. (E)ecosystem engineers.

50. Which of following is NOT true? (A)Many Alu elements are transcribed into RNA. (B)Simple sequence DNA makes up 3% of the human genome. (C)The chimpanzee contains many copies of a retroviral provirus not present in humans. (D)There are more Alu elements in the chimpanzee genome than in the human genome. (E)Copy-number variants (CNVs) are more likely to have phenotypic consequences and to play a role in complex diseases and disorders.

104年 - 高雄醫學大學 103 學年度學生轉系考試【普通生物學】試題 #86807

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