6. All of the following are critical factors for DNA replication on the leading strand EXCEPT?
(A)primer
(B)DNA ligase
(C)DNA polymerase
(D)DNA primase
(E)deoxynucleoside triphosphates 

2. Which would be the most accurate endomembrane route through which a protein is secreted from a cell? (A)Golgi apparatus→lysosome→vesicles→plasma membrane (B)plasmid→plasma membrane→nuclear envelope→smooth endoplasmic reticulum (C)nuclear envelope→vesicles→Golgi apparatus→plasma membrane (D)rough endoplasmic reticulum→lysosomes→vesicles→cell membrane (E)rough endoplasmic reticulum→ Golgi apparatus→vesicles →plasma membrane

3. Which term most precisely describes the cellular process of breaking down large molecules into smaller ones? (A)catalysis (B)metabolism (C)anabolism (D)dehydration (E)catabolism

4. Adenylyl cyclase is to cAMP as ________ is to IP3. (A)protein kinase A (B)protein kinase C (C)calmodulin (D)Raf1 (E)phospholipase C

5. A DNA specimen that contains 30% guanine has ________ thymine. (A)10% (B)20% (C)30% (D)40% (E)The amount of thymine cannot be determined.

7. Which of the following statements about DNA replication is INCORRECT? (A)It begins at multiple origins of replication sites along eukaryotic chromosomes. (B)It proceeds with the addition of new nucleotides to the 3 end of a growing DNA strand. (C)It is powered by the hydrolysis of ATP. (D)Each strand within the DNA double helix is used as a template for synthesis of a new strand. (E)It requires that each strand in the double helix be separated from the other.

8. What molecule provides the energy for translation? (A)ADP (B)ATP (C)GMP (D)GDP (E)GTP

9. The core promoter in eukaryotes is usually composed of which two features? (A)transcriptional start site and enhancer (B)transcriptional start site and response elements (C)transcriptional start site and TATA box (D)enhancer and TATA box (E)response elements and TATA box

10. A mutation causes a gene to become overactive, contributing to uncontrolled cell growth. Which term best describes this gene? (A)tumor-suppressor gene (B)oncogene (C)spliced gene (D)alternatively spliced gene (E)malignant gene

11. Meiosis I produces __________, and meiosis II produces _________ cells. (A)two diploid, two haploid (B)two diploid, 4 haploid (C)two haploid, 4 haploid (D)two haploid, two haploid (E)two somatic, two gametic

12. When a single-gene mutation can have phenotypic effects at multiple stages of development, it is (A)pleiotropic. (B)incompletely dominant. (C)recessive. (D)causing a disease. (E)codominant.