4. Adenylyl cyclase is to cAMP as ________ is to IP3.
(A)protein kinase A
(B)protein kinase C
(C)calmodulin
(D)Raf1
(E)phospholipase C

5. A DNA specimen that contains 30% guanine has ________ thymine. (A)10% (B)20% (C)30% (D)40% (E)The amount of thymine cannot be determined.

6. All of the following are critical factors for DNA replication on the leading strand EXCEPT? (A)primer (B)DNA ligase (C)DNA polymerase (D)DNA primase (E)deoxynucleoside triphosphates 

7. Which of the following statements about DNA replication is INCORRECT? (A)It begins at multiple origins of replication sites along eukaryotic chromosomes. (B)It proceeds with the addition of new nucleotides to the 3 end of a growing DNA strand. (C)It is powered by the hydrolysis of ATP. (D)Each strand within the DNA double helix is used as a template for synthesis of a new strand. (E)It requires that each strand in the double helix be separated from the other.

8. What molecule provides the energy for translation? (A)ADP (B)ATP (C)GMP (D)GDP (E)GTP

9. The core promoter in eukaryotes is usually composed of which two features? (A)transcriptional start site and enhancer (B)transcriptional start site and response elements (C)transcriptional start site and TATA box (D)enhancer and TATA box (E)response elements and TATA box

10. A mutation causes a gene to become overactive, contributing to uncontrolled cell growth. Which term best describes this gene? (A)tumor-suppressor gene (B)oncogene (C)spliced gene (D)alternatively spliced gene (E)malignant gene

11. Meiosis I produces __________, and meiosis II produces _________ cells. (A)two diploid, two haploid (B)two diploid, 4 haploid (C)two haploid, 4 haploid (D)two haploid, two haploid (E)two somatic, two gametic

12. When a single-gene mutation can have phenotypic effects at multiple stages of development, it is (A)pleiotropic. (B)incompletely dominant. (C)recessive. (D)causing a disease. (E)codominant.

13. The karyotype of a young patient shows two Barr bodies per cell. What condition might this child have? (A)Turner syndrome (B)Triple X syndrome (C)Down syndrome (D)Klinefelter syndrome (E)This child is a normal female.

14. Transduction is (A)the transfer of viral genes to a bacteria by a virus. (B)the transfer of bacterial genes to another bacteria by a virus. (C)the use of bacterial replication machinery to produce viral particles. (D)the transfer of bacterial genes from one bacteria to another. (E)the transfer of bacterial genes to another via a pilus.

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