18. Which of the following compounds is not among the 20 common amino acids?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

19. Consider a container with a piston containing 2.0 moles of a monatomic ideal gas with initial conditions of V = 6.0 L and P = 2.0 atm at 300 K. If the external pressure suddenly increases to 4.0 atm and the gas is compressed isothermally, which of the following statements about this process is true? (gas constant R = 8.314 J·K-1 mol -l；In2 =0.693) (A)This is a reversible process. (B)This process is spontaneous. (C)The change of enthalpy (△H) is positive. (D)The entropy change (△S) is -11.5 J/K. (E)The entropy change of the surrounding (△Ssurr) is -4.1 J/K.

20. As the lead chemist in the Superior Analytical Laboratory (SAL), you want to design an experiment to determine the density of an unknown liquid to three significant figures. The density is of the order of 1 g/cm3. You have about 5 mL of the liquid and only graduated cylinders and balances to use. Which of the following combinations of equipment will allow you to achieve your goal?(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

21. In the periodic table, five elements A, B, C, D, and E with their atomic numbers in an increasing order of A ＜B ＜C＜D ＜E ＜ 20. B and C are adjacent to each other. B and E exist in the form of diatomic molecules under normal conditions. A reacts with B, C and E to give Q, and Z, respectively, and both and X are10-electron compounds, while Z is an 18-electron compound. The number of outermost electrons in the atom of D equals the number of electron shells. Given that Q +Z- M, which of the following statements is correct? (A)ionic radius: D ＞ C＞ B (B)Z is an ionic compound. (C)M is composed of non-metallic elements and contains only covalent bonds. (D)D can be in the second period of group IIA in the periodic table. (E)Three types of 10-electron species can be formed by reacting A and C.

22. The Martian atmosphere contains a large amount of CO2. A new all-solid-state battery that involves CO2 in the reaction is expected to power the Mars rover. The battery uses sodium metal as the negative electrode and carbon nanotubes as the positive electrode. Which of the following statements during the discharge of the battery is correct? (A)Reduction reaction occurs at the negative electrode. (B)CO2 is reduced to C and CO at the positive electrode. (C)Cations move from the positive electrode to the negative electrode. (D)Electrical energy is converted into chemical energy. (E)The byproduct is Na2O2.

23. To a solution containing 1 mole of HNO3 and 1 mole of H2SO4 gradually add iron powder to excess. The relationship between the amount of metal cations a and b in the solution and the amount of iron powder added is shown in the following figure (given that NO is the sole product upon reduction of dilute nitric acid). Which of the following statements is incorrect?(A)a represents Fe3+ (B)n1 = 0.75 (C)at P,n(Fe2+) = 0.5625 mol (D)n3 = 1.125 (E)If copper powder is added to the solution at P, up to 14.4 g of copper powder can be dissolved.

24. A colloid is a mixture in which one substance consisting of microscopically dispersed insoluble particles is suspended throughout another substance. Which of the following statements about colloids is correct? (A)A visible light beam is used to distinguish the solution from the colloid. (B)H+, K+, S2- , and Br- can coexist in large amounts in iron hydroxide colloids. (C)Fe(OH)3 colloid can be produced upon the dropwise addition of saturated FeCl3(aq) to the concentrated ammonia. (D)The hydrolysis of alum produces colloidal particles with adsorption, which can be used as bleaching agent. (E)The specific surface area of soil colloidal particles is huge and generally positively charged, which can adsorb NH4+. and other ions and make the soil have fertilizer retention capacity.

25. Complete combustion of a benzene sample under limited oxygen yielded 135 g of total product. In contrast, when the same amount of benzene was completely burned in excess oxygen, 159 g of total product was collected. In the first experiment, what was the final molar ratio of CO to CO2? (A)CO:CO2=3:4 (B)CO:CO2=2:1 (C)CO:CO2=3:2 (D)CO:CO2 =1:1 (E)CO:CO2=3:1

26. A mixture of Cu, Cu2O and CuO is dissolved upon the addition of 100 mL of 0.6 mol/L HNO3 solution, from which 224 mL of NO gas (under standard condition) is collected. Which of the following statements is incorrect? (A)The amount of copper nitrate in the product is 0.025 mol. (B)The amountof Cu in the mixture is greater than 0.005 mol. (C)The amountof Cu in the mixture is smaller than 0.015 mol. (D)If the mixture contains 0.01 mol Cu, there are0.005 molCu2O and 0.005 mol CuO in the mixture. (E) If the amount of Cu in the mixture is 0.005 mol, the total amount of Cu2O and CuO in the mixture is 0.020 mol.

27. A sample containing 3.00 moles of a monatomic ideal gas is taken from state X (PX = 1.00 atm, VX=5.0 L) to state Y (PY = 1.00 atm, VY = 35.0 L). For this process, assuming that the external pressure is constant and equals the final pressure of the gas. Which of the following statements is correct? (gas constant R = 8.314 J·mol-1.Kl-1) (A)This is an adiabatic process. (B)The process is isothermal. (C)AE (the change of internal energy) = -4.56 kJ (D)AH (the change of enthalpy) = 7.60 kJ (E)The work of 3.04 kJ flows into the system.

28. Water treatment includes water purification, disinfection, distillation, etc. Common water treatment agents include chlorine, ozone, bleach, activated carbon, etc. Swimming pools commonly use ozone and activated carbon to disinfect and purify the pools. Which of the following statements is correct? (A)The principles of ozone and activated carbon treatment are the same. (B)Chlorine is a common disinfectant and the water disinfected with chlorine can be directly used to prepare chemical reagents. (C)Both chlorine and sulfur dioxide have bleaching properties, and mixing the two in equal volumes will increase the efficiency of bleaching. (D)Bleaching powder will be ineffective when left in the air for a long time. (E)The most important ingredient of bleaching powder is CaCl2.

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