18.Which of the following correctly describes the sounds /p/ and /b/?
(A) alveolar plosives
(B) bilabial plosives
(C) velar plosives
(D) labiodental fricatives

19.Jenny wrote in her diary: “I have a cold. I eat my medicine every morning, but it tastes bitter.” Which aspect of vocabulary knowledge does this error most clearly indicate she lacks? (A) spelling (B) pronunciation (C) denotation (D) collocation

20.Which theory emphasizes input comprehensibility (i+1)? (A) Behaviorism. (B) Social Learning Theory. (C) Universal Grammar. (D) Monitor Model.

21.According to Universal Grammar (UG), language ability is _____. (A) imitated (B) innate (C) conditioned (D) learned

22.The word with same spelling and same pronunciation, different meaning is called _____. (A) antonym (B) synonym (C) homonym (D) homograph

23.Which of the following theories explains conscious error correction during oral L2 production? (A) Input hypothesis. (B) Monitor hypothesis. (C) Affective filter hypothesis. (D) Natural order hypothesis.

24.How can understanding the critical period hypothesis influence language teaching practices for children and adults? (A) By suggesting that language learning is only possible in early childhood. (B) By emphasizing the importance of intensive language immersion programs. (C) By taking into account individual differences in language learning abilities. (D) By adopting a more flexible and age-appropriate approach to language learning.

25.Which statement is correct to describe contrastive analysis? (A) Errors are assumed to be the result of transfer from learners’ first language. (B) Detailed descriptions of the errors second language learners made help discover what learners really know about the language. (C) It is based on the hypothesis that second language learner language is random and unpredictable. (D) It seeks to discover and describe different kinds of errors in an effort to understand how learners process second language data.

26.Collocations could be of various types. Which of the following examples is a collocation of verb + object? (A) dispute findings (B) engage in (C) irregular situation (D) unaccompanied minor

27.Which of the following statements is correct about English vowels? (A) Vowel sounds can be distinguished between front vowels, central vowels, and back vowels in terms of how high the tongue is raised. (B) In English, tense vowels are short in length; lax vowels are long in length. (C) In English, back vowels are unrounded and front vowels are rounded in terms of rounding. (D) In terms of voicing, all English vowels are voiced except when whispering.

28.Which of the following is NOT considered a minimal pair? (A) cave / gave (B) lock / log (C) bough / cough (D) bat / pat

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