20. In the case of human malaria, which one is the definitive hosts?
(A) Anopheles
(B) Homo sapiens
(C)Plagiorhynchus
(D) Drosophila
(E) Plasmodium

16. About DNA replication, which one is true? (A) It is an anti- dispersive model. (B) It is a semi-dispersive model. (C)It is a complete-conservation model. (D) It is a dispersive model. (E) It is a semi-conservation model.

17. The initiation of a DNA replication needs a lot of proteins to work together. Which one is the one that starts the synthesis of the daughter strand? (A) Primase (B) Helicase (C)Topoisomerase (D) Ligase (E) Polymerase I

18.What was Martha Chase’s contribution to genetics? (A) Discovered the A, C, G, T bases in DNA molecule (B) Found genetic material is probably in cell but not very sure (C)Found that DNA, not protein, is the genetic material (D) Found the function of DNA polymerase III (E) Found DNA is double helix

19. In mark-recapture technique, if 100 individuals were marked at the first capture; at recapture, there were 10 marked individuals in 100 recaptured individuals, what is the estimated population size? (A) 100 (B) 1,000 (C)10,000 (D) 100,000 (E) 1,000,000 

21. Gregor used parent generation seeds that have yellow-round phenotype (genotype YYRR) to cross with the parent generation seeds that have green-wrinkled phenotype (genotype yyrr). Then he crossed their F1 seeds to generate F2 seeds. Given the gene encodes color and the gene encodes shape of the seeds are independent assorted, what is the expected phenotypic ratio of the F2 seeds (Yellow-Round: Green-Round: Yellow-Wrinkled: Green-Wrinkled)? (A) 9:3:3:1 (B) 1:2:2:1 (C)2:3:3:2 (D) 4:1:1:4 (E) 1:4:4:1

22. Which description is incorrect about the viruses that infect bacteria? (A) They named phages. (B) They inject their genetic material in the bacterial cells. (C)They replicate within their host cells. (D) They could use either lytic cycles or lysogenic cycles to reproduce. (E) They all eventually break the host cells and kill the host cells.

23. We learned that gene expressed through transcription and translation. Which one below would involve in translation of a eukaryotic cell? (A) Ribosome (B) DNA template (C)RNA polymerase (D) Promoter (E) Spliceosome

24. In between of transcription and translation in a gene expression of an eukaryotic cell, there is a step called RNA processing. Which one below is INCORRECT? (A) It adds poly-A tail in this step. (B) It cuts out introns in this step. (C)The exons remain in the final product. (D) It adds a 5’-cap in this step. (E) The final product of this step is rRNA.

25. Which description below is correct about miRNA? (A) They are originally short RNA sequences. (B) An enzyme call Tricer trims the original form of miRNA. (C)The trimmed product is double-stranded RNA. (D) The trimmed products are stable thus could be used directly for next steps. (E) If a miRNA sequence is completely complementary with an mRNA, the translation steps would be blocked and the mRNA would not degrade.

26. About the Human Genome Project (HGP), which one below is NOT true? (A) The results of HGP showed that most of the human genome does not consist of genes. (B) There are about three billion base pairs of nucleotides in a human genome. (C)There are about 21,000 genes in a human genome. (D) HGP began in 1990. (E) The first HGP was done by whole-genome shotgun method.