20. The synthesized Okazaki fragments in the lagging strand can be connected by the _____ enzyme to form nascent continuous DNA strand.
(A) ligase
(B) DNA polymerase III
(C) RecA
(D) telomere
(E) topoisomerase I

21. Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic RNA's differ in that: (A) rRNA molecules are only subunits of the prokaryotic ribosome. (B) Eukaryotes have a pre-mRNA that requires splicing to create the functional transcript (C) Prokaryotes have non-coding sequences that are removed during RNA-transcript processing (D) Eukaryotes have simpler ribosomes, consisting of fewer subunits. (E) None of these.

22. Which of the following is a way in which RNA synthesis does not differ from DNA synthesis? (A) Precursors are ribonucleoside triphosphates. (B) Only one strand of DNA is used as a template for the synthesis of a complementary RNA chain in any given reaction. (C) The nucleotide sequence of the mRNA is identical to the nontemplate strand of DNA except that U substitutes for T. (D) RNA chains can be initiated de novo. (E) None of these

23. A bacterial (prokaryotic) ribosome is composed of _____ subunits. (A) 20S & 40S (B) 30S & 50S (C) 40S & 60S (D) 20S & 60S (E) 50S & 70S

24. Nonsense codons are (A) codons that code for multiple amino acids. (B) codons that code for no amino acids. (C) codons that code for the same amino acids. (D) codons that can be read forward or backward. (E) codons that code for start codons.

25. All of the amino acids, except Proline, contain: (A) A free amine group (B) A free carboxyl group (C) A free R group (D) A free amine group and A free carboxyl group (E) A free carboxyl group and A free R group

26. A single DNA unit that enables the simultaneous regulation of more than one gene in response to environmental changes is called (A) promoter. (B) operator. (C) regulator. (D) inducer. (E) operon.

27. Which of the following would most likely be controlled by a repressible gene? (A) Tryptophan synthesis (B) Lactose catabolism (C) Arabinose catabolism (D) Tryptophan synthesis and Lactose catabolism (E) Lactose catabolism and Arabinose catabolism

28. Most decisions controlling the amount of gene product synthesized are made during (A) termination of replication. (B) transport of mRNA to the cytoplasm. (C) initiation of transcription. (D) alternative splicing. (E) regulation of translation.

29. Which of the following statements is true regarding dosage compensation? (A) In Drosophila, one of the two X-chromosomes is randomly inactivated in females (B) In mammals, the genes on the single X-chromosome in a male are transcribed at a higher level (C) The X-inactive specific transcript is a functional RNA molecule that results in X-inactivation in Drosophila (D) In C. elegans, dosage compensation results from partial repression of X-linked genes in hermaphrodites (E) The gene product of the gene maleless is responsible for X-inactivation in mammals.

30. Whenever the RNA within the RISC pairs imperfectly with its target sequence, the mRNA is usually not cleaved; instead, translation of the mRNA is inhibited. RISC-associated RNAs that have this effect are usually termed: (A) siRNAs (B) miRNAs (C) SNRPS (D) mtDNAs (E) STRS

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