26.珊瑚 (corals) 與下列何者親緣最近？
(A) jellyfish
(B) freshwater hydras
(C) sea anemones
(D) sponges
(E) comb jellies

27.有關人類的演化，下列何者為真？ (A) The ancestors of Homo sapiens were chimpanzees and other apes. (B) Human evolution has proceeded in an orderly fashion from an ancestral anthropoid to Homo sapiens. (C) The evolution of upright posture and enlarged brain occurred simultaneously. (D) Different features have evolved at different times. (E) Mitochondrial DNA analysis indicates that modern humans are genetically very similar to Neanderthals.

28.海洋中，下列叩個部份具有最低的初級生產量 (primary productivity, photosynthesis)？ (A) pelagic (B) abyssal (C) neritic (D) estuary (E) intertidal

29.下列哪一項計算需要用到生命表 (life tables)？I. carrying capacity II. mortality III. The fate of a cohort of newborn organisms throughout their lives. (A) I only (B) II only (C) III only (D) I and III only (E) II and III only

30.下列何者為趨同演化 (convergent evolution) 的例子？ (A) the exoskeleton of a spider and the exoskeleton of an insect (B) the digging front legs of a mole and the digging front legs of a mole cricket (C) the wings of a monarch butterfly and the wings of a luna moth (D) the tadpole stage of a frog and the tadpole stage of a salamander (E) the stinging hairs of a sea anemone and the stinging hairs of a jellyfish

31.什麼是 mycorrhizae？ (A) the fruiting bodies of basidiomycetes (B) mutualistic associations of plant roots and fungi (C) the pores in fungi that allow ribosomes, mitochondria, and cell nuclei to flow from cell to cell (D) the horizontal hyphae that spread out over food (E) asexual structures formed by deuteromycetes

32.真菌 (fungi) 與節肢動物 (arthropods) 的共同處為： (A) Both groups are commonly coenocytic. (B) The haploid state is dominant in both groups. (C) Both groups are predominantly saprobic in nutrition. (D) Both groups use chitin for the construction of protective coats. (E) Both groups have cell walls.

33.一棵植物主要經由下列何者吸取水分和礦物質？ (A) taproots (B) root hairs (C) the thick parts of the roots near the base of the stem (D) storage roots (E) sections of the root that have secondary xylem

34.下列哪一具有功能的植物細胞沒有細胞核？ (A) xylem (B) sieve tube cells only (C) companion cells only (D) both companion and parenchyma cells (E) both xylem and sieve tube cells

35.在演替最後階段 (late successional stages) 的植物通常為 (A) excellent dispersal mechanisms (B) weedy (C) K-sclected (D) annual (E) good colonizer

36.高階掠食種類 (top predator) 有助於維持其獵物種類的多樣性，此高階掠食種類又稱為 (A) primary consumer (B) landscape species (C) keystone species (D) mutualist species (E) none of the above

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