26. Which of the following approach does NOT discriminate the Omicron variant from the wild type SARS-CoV-2 in nasal swabs?
(A) Next generation sequencing
(B) RT-PCR using variant-specific primer sets
(C) Neutralizing antibody detection
(D) Viral antigen detection
(E) Hybridization gene chip

22. Recombinant spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 is currently used for COVID-19 vaccination. Which of the following approach is NOT applied for the recombinant protein production from eukaryotic cells? (A) Identify coding sequence of target protein from NCBI, gene bank or GIASID database (B) Generate an expression construct with the target gene driven by a T7 promoter (C) Generate an expression construct with the target gene driven by a CMV promoter (D) Incorporate the target gene with an extra tag (such as his, Fc, myc, flag etc) for purification (E) Transfection the expression construct into a cell line such as CHO cells

23. Which of the following approach is NOT generally used to reduce or diminish a specific target gene expression in the cell? (A) small interference RNA (siRNA) (B) CRISPR/Cas9 (C) MicroRNA (D) Small hairpin RNA (shRNA) (E) Long non-coding RNA (IncRNA)

24. Which of the following epigenetic modification is NOT maintained in daughter cells after cell division? (A) DNA methylation (B) DNA phosphorylation (C) Histone methylation (D) Histone acetylation (E) Histone phosphorylation

25. Which of the following enzyme is essential for the replication of a virus with a minus-strand RNA genome? (A) DNA-dependent DNA polymerase (B) RNA-dependent DNA polymerase (C) DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (D) RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (E) Reverse transcriptase

27. What is the key enzyme complex which activity is blocked by the G2/M DNA damage repair mechanism before mitotic entry? (A) Cyclin A/Cdk2 (B) Cyclin D/Cdk6 (C) Cyclin A/Cdk1 (D) Cyclin B/Cdk1 (E) Cyclin D/Cdk4

28. Which of the following technology can be used for genome editing? (A) CRISPR/Cas9 (B) Transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALEN) (C) Zinc Finger Nuclease (ZFN) (D) Editing by Nucleobase Modification (BASE editing) (E) All of the above

29. Small ribosome subunits scan for initiation sites on eukaryotic mRNA. Which of the following descriptions is not correct? (A) Cap binding complex contains eIF4G. (B) Cap binding complex contains eIF4A. (C) Cap binding complex contains eIF5. (D) 43S pre-initiation complex contains eIF1. (E) 43S pre-initiation complex contains eIF2.

30. Initiation Factor eIF2. Which of the following descriptions is not correct? (A) eIF2 unwinds secondary structure of mRNA. (B) eIF2 is a heterotrimeric protein. (C) eIF2 is active when bound to GTP. (D) eIF2 binds to Met-tRNAi. (E) eIF2B is the GDP exchange factor for eIF2.

31. Bacteriophages. Which of the following descriptions is not correct? (A) Bacteriophages specifically infect bacteria. (B) Their genetic material is surrounded by a protein capsid. (C) This is connected to the elongated sheath by a collar region. (D) The sheath forms a hollow tube through which the viral proteins are injected into the host. (E) At the bottom is the base plate.

32. Spliceosome Assembly. Which of the following descriptions is not correct? (A) The commitment complex is the E complex. (B) The E complex contains U1 snRNP bound at the 5' splice site. (C) The E complex contains the protein U2AF bound to a pyrimidine tract. (D) U2AF is a heterodimer consisting of the U2AF65 and U2AF35. (E) The E complex progresses to the A complex in the presence of ATP.