31. Which description about the hormones regulation in human reproduction is FALSE?
(A) Inhibin inhibits anterior pituitary to secret follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in male.
(B) Testosterone inhibits hypothalamus to secret gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in male.
(C) Low levels of estradiol inhibits anterior pituitary to secret FSH in female.
(D) High levels of estradiol stimulates hypothalamus to secret GnRH in female.
(E) None of the above

27. By completing β-oxidation of fatty acid with odd number of carbons, ______ will enter the citric acid cycle. ① acetyl-CoA； ② malate； ③ α-ketoglutarate； ④ succinyl-CoA (A) ①,② (B) ①,③ (C) ①,④ (D) ②,③ (E) ③,④

28. Which of the following tools is NOT used to quantify the level of gene expression? (A) real-time RT-PCR (B) RNase protection assay (C) Northern blotting (D) Western blotting (E) Southern blotting

29. Enzymes are potent catalysts because they ______. (A) are consumed in the reactions they catalyze (B) are very specific and the converted products cannot return to substrates (C) drive reactions to completion, while other catalysts drive reactions to equilibrium (D) increase the equilibrium constants for the reactions they catalyze (E) lower the activation energy for the reactions they catalyze

30. What is the major apo-lipoprotein and lipid in high-density lipoprotein (HDL)? (A) ApoB-48, cholesterol ester (B) ApoB-100, phospholipid (C) ApoE, free cholesterol (D) ApoA-I, phospholipid (E) ApoA-II, cholesterol ester 

32. Regarding to the mitochondria, which statement is FALSE? (A) According to the concept of endosymbiotic theory, the mitochondria extracted from monkey can be transferred into human cells. (B) The genome size of plant mitochondria is much larger than animal’s. (C) A cell can contain more than one mitochondria. (D) Mitochondria can produce ATP more quickly than glycolysis. (E) Mitochondria can do transcription and translation.

33. What do synaptic signaling and paracrine signaling have in common? (A) Cells bind a membrane bound signal on a neighboring cell. (B) Cells release a signal that affects cells at long distances. (C) Cells release a signal that affects itself and neighboring cells. (D) Cells release a signal that affects neighboring cells. (E) Cells release a signal through gap junctions to affect neighboring cells.

複選題34. Which of the following descriptions about cell division is FALSE? (A) Animal cells form centrioles during cell division. (B) Animal cells form a cleavage furrow to form new daughter cells. (C) There is phragmoplast alignment of Golgi-derived vesicles in plant cell division. (D) The cell plate is the final partitioning of plant cells. (E) Plant cells resort to binary fission.

35. Which is a common feature of gymnosperms and angiosperms? (A) pollen tubes (B) flagellated sperms (C) sperms carried by windborne pollen (D) fruits (E) flowers

36. Which description about the immune system is FALSE? (A) Helper T cells bind antigen-presenting cells (APCs) need Class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and accessory protein (CD8). (B) APCs secret cytokines such as interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) for T cell activation. (C) Cytotoxic T cell releases perforin and granzymes to kill infected cells. (D) Pathogens can be disposed by antibodies through neutralization, opsonization, or complement system activation (E) None of the above

複選題37. Which description about virus is FALSE? (A) Provirus is the viral DNA incorporated into host cell’s DNA. (B) The envelope of RNA virus contains the cell membrane of host and glycoproteins of virus. (C) Adenovirus, papillomavirus, herpesvirus, and poxvirus are DNA viruses. (D) Virods are DNA molecules that infect plant cells. (E) None of the above