40. In plants, the red light can be absorbed by ______.
(A) Pr type phytochrome
(B) Plastoquinone (PQ) of photosystem II (PSII)
(C) carotenoids
(D) ribulose biphosphate (RuBP)
(E) ATP synthase

36. Which description about the immune system is FALSE? (A) Helper T cells bind antigen-presenting cells (APCs) need Class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and accessory protein (CD8). (B) APCs secret cytokines such as interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) for T cell activation. (C) Cytotoxic T cell releases perforin and granzymes to kill infected cells. (D) Pathogens can be disposed by antibodies through neutralization, opsonization, or complement system activation (E) None of the above

複選題37. Which description about virus is FALSE? (A) Provirus is the viral DNA incorporated into host cell’s DNA. (B) The envelope of RNA virus contains the cell membrane of host and glycoproteins of virus. (C) Adenovirus, papillomavirus, herpesvirus, and poxvirus are DNA viruses. (D) Virods are DNA molecules that infect plant cells. (E) None of the above

38. Breakdown of the fat storage at brown fat tissue in some animals increases when ______. (A) torpor (B) exercising (C) shivering (D) hibernation (E) sleeping

39. In nature, population size could be controlled by a density-independent factor. Which of the followings would be a possible case? (A) forest fires (B) competition (C) parasites (D) predation (E) infection disease

41. Which event for muscle contraction is FALSE? (A) Binding of acetylcholine to receptors stimulates pumping into sarcoplasmic reticulum. (B) Binding of tropomyosin to actin covers myosin-binding site. (C) Binding ofto troponin exposes myosin-binding site of actin. (D) Binding of ATP releases myosin from actin. (E) None of the above

42. Which description about the diseases is FALSE? (A) Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is caused by adenosine deaminase deficiency. (B) Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by a Na+ transporter gene deficiency. (C) Tay-Sachs disease is caused by a lipid metabolized gene deficiency. (D) α1- Antitrypsin deficiency causes emphysema. (E) None of the above

43. Which description about the excretory system is FALSE? (A) The nasal glands of marine birds concentrate salt. (B) The Malpighian tubes of insects remove nitrogenous wastes. (C) Glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed in descending limb of the loop of Henle. (D) The juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) releases renin when blood pressure drops. (E) None of the above

複選題44. Which description about the circulatory and respiratory systems is FALSE? (A) The spike (QRS complex) of electrocardiogram (ECG) represents the signal passing from atrioventricular (AV) node to heart apex. (B) Individuals with a high ratio of LDL/HDL have risk for atherosclerosis. (C) The diaphragm contracts during inhalation in human. (D) Medulla can detect the decreased blood pH. (E) None of the above

45. Which description about the nervous system is NOT matched with its function? (A) Acetylcholine stimulates heart muscle. (B) Reticular formation regulates arousal and sleep. (C) Parasympathetic nerves stimulate stomach activity. (D) Amygdala controls emotional memory. (E) None of the above

複選題46. Which assumption is NOT the basis for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? (A) random mating (B) natural selection (C) large population with genetic drift (D) no gene migration of alleles into or out of the population (E) no mutation