45. Which description about the nervous system is NOT matched with its function?
(A) Acetylcholine stimulates heart muscle.
(B) Reticular formation regulates arousal and sleep.
(C) Parasympathetic nerves stimulate stomach activity.
(D) Amygdala controls emotional memory.
(E) None of the above

41. Which event for muscle contraction is FALSE? (A) Binding of acetylcholine to receptors stimulates pumping into sarcoplasmic reticulum. (B) Binding of tropomyosin to actin covers myosin-binding site. (C) Binding ofto troponin exposes myosin-binding site of actin. (D) Binding of ATP releases myosin from actin. (E) None of the above

42. Which description about the diseases is FALSE? (A) Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is caused by adenosine deaminase deficiency. (B) Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by a Na+ transporter gene deficiency. (C) Tay-Sachs disease is caused by a lipid metabolized gene deficiency. (D) α1- Antitrypsin deficiency causes emphysema. (E) None of the above

43. Which description about the excretory system is FALSE? (A) The nasal glands of marine birds concentrate salt. (B) The Malpighian tubes of insects remove nitrogenous wastes. (C) Glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed in descending limb of the loop of Henle. (D) The juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) releases renin when blood pressure drops. (E) None of the above

複選題44. Which description about the circulatory and respiratory systems is FALSE? (A) The spike (QRS complex) of electrocardiogram (ECG) represents the signal passing from atrioventricular (AV) node to heart apex. (B) Individuals with a high ratio of LDL/HDL have risk for atherosclerosis. (C) The diaphragm contracts during inhalation in human. (D) Medulla can detect the decreased blood pH. (E) None of the above

複選題46. Which assumption is NOT the basis for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? (A) random mating (B) natural selection (C) large population with genetic drift (D) no gene migration of alleles into or out of the population (E) no mutation

47. What is the primary original source of genetic variation in a population? (A) mutation (B) genetic drift (C) inbreeding (D) cloning (E) None of above

48. Which protist is NOT matched with its disease? (A) Plasmodium - malaria (B) Trichomonas - sexual transmitted disease (C) Leishmania - skin disease (D) Trypanosoma - intestinal infection (E) None of the above

49. Which description about fungi is FALSE? (A) Athlete’s foot and ringworm are caused by fungi. (B) Candida albicans is a fungi to infect vagina. (C) Forming buds instead of spores are more effectively in sticking to lung cells. (D) Coccidioidomycosis is treated with antibiotics. (E) None of the above

50. Which description about the reproductive system is FALSE? (A) Spermatheca is used to store sperms in female fruit fly. (B) Epididymis is used to store sperms in men. (C) Oogenesis begins at embryonic development of women. (D) Hypothalamus is stimulated by combinations of high levels estradiol and progesterone. (E) None of the above

51. Which of the following animals has the largest basic metabolic rate (BMR) per body mass? (A) 500 kg horse (B) 60 kg human (C) 60 kg alligator (D) 0.5 kg lizard (E) 0.5 kg rat