53. In a large population of a plant species, which of the following situations is the least likely to change allele frequencies within the population?
(A) A forest fire destroys most of individuals in the population
(B) Radioactive fallout from an accident at a nuclear power plant
(C) Microhabitats within the range of the population where certain phenotypes have a better chance of surviving
(D) The preference of a pollinator for a certain flower color
(E) Wind pollination of the flowers

49. Which description about fungi is FALSE? (A) Athlete’s foot and ringworm are caused by fungi. (B) Candida albicans is a fungi to infect vagina. (C) Forming buds instead of spores are more effectively in sticking to lung cells. (D) Coccidioidomycosis is treated with antibiotics. (E) None of the above

50. Which description about the reproductive system is FALSE? (A) Spermatheca is used to store sperms in female fruit fly. (B) Epididymis is used to store sperms in men. (C) Oogenesis begins at embryonic development of women. (D) Hypothalamus is stimulated by combinations of high levels estradiol and progesterone. (E) None of the above

51. Which of the following animals has the largest basic metabolic rate (BMR) per body mass? (A) 500 kg horse (B) 60 kg human (C) 60 kg alligator (D) 0.5 kg lizard (E) 0.5 kg rat

52. Which is the WRONG description about sexual reproduction of fungi? (A) Fungi release pheromones to find the correction mating type. (B) After plasmogamy, nuclei of two mycelia fuse immediately. (C) A zygote is formatted after karyogamy. (D) A heterokaryon contains two coexisting, genetically different nuclei. (E) A heterokaryon can be extended hours, days, or even years.

54. Which of the following is NOT related to the parasympathetic nervous system? (A) Lacrimal glands that produce tears (B) Fight or flight responses (C) Nerves in the stomach and trunk (D) Nerves that go to the bladder (E) Nerves and blood vessels responsible for the male erection

55. Which of the followings is NOT a steroid hormone? (A) progesterone (B) testosterone (C) mineralocorticoid (D) estradiol (E) follicle-stimulating hormone

56. A patient CANNOT form new long-term memories after a serious brain damage of ______. (A) somatosensory cortex (B) motor cortex (C) frontal lobe of cortex (D) thalamus (E) hippocampus

57. Which is NOT a function of the pigment epithelium in retina? (A) absorption of scattered light (B) phagocytizing shed outer discs (C) isomerize the all-trans retinal to the 11-cis form (D) delivery of nutrients to the photoreceptors (E) creating the dark current of the photoreceptors

複選題58. The form and function of nephrons in vertebrate kidney have a different adaptation to meet their requirements for osmoregulation. Which one is CORRECT? (AB) Freshwater fishes conserve salt in their proximal tubules and excrete large volumes of dilute urine. (AC) Amphibians conserve water on land by reabsorbing water from collecting duct. (AD) Mammals that inhabit in fresh water have relatively long loops of Henle. (AE) Birds have shorter loops of Hendle. (BC) Most reptiles excrete uric acid by juxtamedullary nephron. (BD)一律送分

59. Which organ or tissue is differentiated from mesoderm? (A) epidermis of skin (B) nervous system (C) adrenal medulla (D) dermis of skin (E) thymus