57. Which is NOT a function of the pigment epithelium in retina?
(A) absorption of scattered light
(B) phagocytizing shed outer discs
(C) isomerize the all-trans retinal to the 11-cis form
(D) delivery of nutrients to the photoreceptors
(E) creating the dark current of the photoreceptors

53. In a large population of a plant species, which of the following situations is the least likely to change allele frequencies within the population? (A) A forest fire destroys most of individuals in the population (B) Radioactive fallout from an accident at a nuclear power plant (C) Microhabitats within the range of the population where certain phenotypes have a better chance of surviving (D) The preference of a pollinator for a certain flower color (E) Wind pollination of the flowers

54. Which of the following is NOT related to the parasympathetic nervous system? (A) Lacrimal glands that produce tears (B) Fight or flight responses (C) Nerves in the stomach and trunk (D) Nerves that go to the bladder (E) Nerves and blood vessels responsible for the male erection

55. Which of the followings is NOT a steroid hormone? (A) progesterone (B) testosterone (C) mineralocorticoid (D) estradiol (E) follicle-stimulating hormone

56. A patient CANNOT form new long-term memories after a serious brain damage of ______. (A) somatosensory cortex (B) motor cortex (C) frontal lobe of cortex (D) thalamus (E) hippocampus

複選題58. The form and function of nephrons in vertebrate kidney have a different adaptation to meet their requirements for osmoregulation. Which one is CORRECT? (AB) Freshwater fishes conserve salt in their proximal tubules and excrete large volumes of dilute urine. (AC) Amphibians conserve water on land by reabsorbing water from collecting duct. (AD) Mammals that inhabit in fresh water have relatively long loops of Henle. (AE) Birds have shorter loops of Hendle. (BC) Most reptiles excrete uric acid by juxtamedullary nephron. (BD)一律送分

59. Which organ or tissue is differentiated from mesoderm? (A) epidermis of skin (B) nervous system (C) adrenal medulla (D) dermis of skin (E) thymus

60. ______ are NOT derived from myeloid stem cell. (A) Basophils (B) Erythrocytes (C) Lymphocytes (D) Monocytes (E) Platelets

61. Ribonucleotide reductase catalyzes the reduction of ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides. Which of the following cofactors are essential for the activity of ribonucleotide reductase? ① NADPH； ② Thioredoxin； ③ NADH； ④ Glutaredoxin； ⑤ Tetrahydrofolate (A) ①,②,⑤ (B) ①,②,④ (C) ①,③,⑤ (D) ②,③,⑤ (E) ②,③,④

複選題62. In eukaryotic matured mRNA, which one of the following statements is FALSE? (AB) Both 5’ and 3’ ends contain a free 3-OH group on ribose. (AC) Intron is removed in the matured RNA. (AD) Poly( A ) tail is added to 3’ end in matured RNA. (AE) Methylation can be found on 5’ end. (BC) Splicing needs snRNAs. (BD)一律送分

63. A cell that is unable to synthesize or obtain tetrahydrofolate would probably be deficient in the biosynthesis of ______. (A) dGMP (B) dCMP (C) dAMP (D) dTMP (E) dUMP