32. According to the passage, sailors 4000 years ago
(A) were able to calculate their speed
(B) were dependent on starts to tell time.
(C) never ventured away from the coastline.
(D)used the compass to navigate.

28. (A) presence (B) forgetfulness (C) deletion (D)omission

29. (A) requirement (B) request (C) obligation (D)obedience

30. (A) interest (B) alertness (C) dilemma (D)involvement

31. The expression "to their graves” in paragraph 1 could best be replaced by (A) to shipyards (B) to the seafloor (C) to be repaired (D)to their destination

33. Which of the following sentences below expresses the essential information in the underlined sentence in paragraph 4? (A) A chronometer could be used to determine when the Sun was going to rise. (B) A chronometer could only be used to calculate longitude if one was traveling in a westerly direction. (C) A chronometer was an inaccurate measure of time because of the movement of the ship. (D)A chronometer could be used to measure longitude by combining knowledge about the rising Sun and accurate measurement of time.

34. Which of the following navigational devices can be used to resolve directional issues when navigating? (A) Sundial (B) Astrolabe (C) Coastline (D)All of the above

35. It is NOT stated in the passage that the astrolabe (A) was used to determine distance from the equator. . (B) was similar in shape to a sundial. (C) had moving parts. (D)was a circular-shaped device.

36. The word "rule" as used in paragraph 3 is most likely (A) a regulation followed by sailors on a ship. (B) a device used to make measurements. (C) a law enacted by a government. (D) a customary way of acting.

37. The word ''convert" in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to (A) change (B) develop (C) twist (D)reassign

38. The author refers to ''The missing piece of the navigational puzzle" in paragraph 4 in order to (A) show that navigation was considered an amusing game. (B) highlight that the ability to determine longitude was the final problem to be solved (C) indicate that missing ships were difficult to find (D)determine that it was difficult to calculate latitude.