37. The word ''convert" in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to
(A) change
(B) develop
(C) twist
(D)reassign

33. Which of the following sentences below expresses the essential information in the underlined sentence in paragraph 4? (A) A chronometer could be used to determine when the Sun was going to rise. (B) A chronometer could only be used to calculate longitude if one was traveling in a westerly direction. (C) A chronometer was an inaccurate measure of time because of the movement of the ship. (D)A chronometer could be used to measure longitude by combining knowledge about the rising Sun and accurate measurement of time.

34. Which of the following navigational devices can be used to resolve directional issues when navigating? (A) Sundial (B) Astrolabe (C) Coastline (D)All of the above

35. It is NOT stated in the passage that the astrolabe (A) was used to determine distance from the equator. . (B) was similar in shape to a sundial. (C) had moving parts. (D)was a circular-shaped device.

36. The word "rule" as used in paragraph 3 is most likely (A) a regulation followed by sailors on a ship. (B) a device used to make measurements. (C) a law enacted by a government. (D) a customary way of acting.

38. The author refers to ''The missing piece of the navigational puzzle" in paragraph 4 in order to (A) show that navigation was considered an amusing game. (B) highlight that the ability to determine longitude was the final problem to be solved (C) indicate that missing ships were difficult to find (D)determine that it was difficult to calculate latitude.

39. Which of the following navigational devices can be used to resolve longitudinal problems during navigation? (A) Backstaff (B) Sextant (C) Chronometer (D)Stars

40. It is implied in the passage that (A) Harrison's device was not very accurate. (B) Harrison spent considerable time traveling. (C) Harrison received 20,000 pounds from Parliament. (D)Harrison's device was better than any other device in determining latitude.

41. Which of the sentences below expresses the information in the underlined statement in the passage? (A) Our new experiences require that we adjust in order to understand information that we have never seen. (B) Understanding new ideas is easier if we include observations and personal experiences. (C) We engage in both organization of what we see and experience and adaption of novel ideas. (D) Thinking must include direct observation and experiences in order to organize the information.

42. Why does the author mention a hammer in paragraph 2? (A) To explain the concepts of assimilation and accommodation (B) To demonstrate how a 9-year-old girl responds to a new experience (C) To prove that a young child cannot engage in problem solving (D)To provide an example of the first stage of cognitive development

43. Which of the following behaviors illustrates that a child is in concrete operational stage? (A) Logical reasoning for specific examples (B) Intuitive thought in images and drawings - (C) Methodical trials to determine the reason for events (D) None of the above