32. The growing season would generally be shortest in which of the following biomes?
(A) taiga
(B) temperate broadleaf forest
(C) savanna
(D) tropical rain forest
(E) temperate grassland

28. Polar regions are cooler than the equator because (A) the poles are permanently tilted away from the sun. (B) there is more ice at the poles. (C) the poles have a thicker atmosphere. (D) sunlight strikes the poles at an oblique angle. (E) the poles are farther from the sun.

29. Reconciliation behavior is likely to follow (A) imprinting by young animals on a member of the wrong species. (B) conflict behavior between members of a permanent social group. (C) mating behavior between a male and a female. (D) agonistic behavior between territorial males. (E) ritualized behavior.

30. In the 14th century, _____ was responsible for the death of more than one-third of the entire European population of humans. (A) pneumonia (B) bubonic plague (C) AIDS (D) influenza (E) tuberculosis

31. Population ecologists follow the fate of same-age cohorts in order to (A) determine the factors that regulate the size of a population. (B) determine a population's carrying capacity. (C) determine if a population is regulated by density-dependent processes. (D) determine the birth rate and death rate of each age group in a population. (E) determine if a population's growth is cyclical.

33. Which marine zone would have the lowest rates of primary productivity (photosynthesis)? (A) abyssal (B) intertidal (C) neritic (D) continental shelf (E) pelagic

34. In the territorial behavior of the stickleback fish, the red belly of one male elicits attack from another male by functioning as (A) a pheromone. (B) a sign stimulus. (C) an imprint stimulus. (D) a fixed action pattern. (E) a search image.

35. Life history strategies usually result from (A) environmental pressures. (B) natural selection. (C) conscious choice. (D) A and B only (E) A, B, and C

36. A recent study of ecological footprints (described in the text) concluded that (A) it is not possible for technological improvements to increase Earth's carrying capacity for humans. (B) current demand by industrialized countries is much smaller than the ecological footprint of those countries. (C) the ecological footprint of the United States is larger than the ecological capacity of its land. (D) Earth's carrying capacity would increase if per capita meat consumption increased. (E) Earth's carrying capacity for humans is about 10 billion.

37. Which of the following members of a marine food chain is most analogous to a grasshopper in a terrestrial food chain? (A) shark (B) zooplankton (C) phytoplankton (D) detritivore (E) fish

38. Which of the following statements about the biogeographical aspects of diversity is not correct? (A) Species richness on an island reaches an equilibrium point when immigration equals extinction. (B) Island equilibrium theory applies to the relatively short period of time when colonization is the important process determining species composition; over a longer time, actual speciation affects the composition. (C) A species may be limited to a particular range because it never dispersed beyond that range, or it dispersed but failed to survive in other locations. (D) The magnitude of photosynthesis is the factor that accounts for the major variations in species diversity over large areas of Earth. (E) The patterns of continental drift are important considerations in the study of the past and present distributions of species.