32.The word “stems” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _____ .
(A) distinguishes
(B) recovers
(C) derives
(D) returns

33.The approximate age of a tree can be determined by _____ . (A) counting the rings (B) analyzing the structure of the cells (C) examining the cambium (D) measuring the width of the rings

34.The word “onset” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _____ . (A) darkness (B) coldness (C) difficulty (D) beginning

35.The word “enables” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _____ . (A) combines (B) forces (C) encourages (D) allows

36.The word “They” in paragraph 3 refers to _____ . (A) large cells (B) growth rings (C) several reasons (D) environmental factors

37.According to the passage, the production of rings from year to year in any given tree is _____ . (A) random (B) predetermined (C) variable (D) accelerated

38.The word “reflect” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _____ . (A) limit (B) affect (C) confuse (D) indicate

39.A narrow growth ring between two wide growth ring would probably indicate _____ . (A) an unusually warm winter (B) the death of an old tree (C) unfavorable climatic conditions during a single year (D) wood cells that had grown to be very large

40.The phrase “this pattern” in paragraph 3 refers to _____ . (A) the change of seasons (B) different climates in different places (C) the destruction of trees and forests (D) variation in the thickness of tree rings

41.Which of the followings refers to the textual competence based on Backman’s model of communicative language ability? (A) Phonology and graphology. (B) Vocabulary and morphology. (C) Sensitive to dialects and register. (D) Cohesion and rhetorical organization.

42.Which of the followings is true about communicative language approach? (A) Language is used in a multicultural context and learning cultural patterns is important. (B) Learners should be given an opportunity to negotiate what to learn and how to learn. (C) Communication involves using appropriate language functions as well as grammar structures. (D) Its primary goal is enabling learners to use the language to build discourse competence.

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