34. What is the general sequential steps of human urine production?
(A) Filtration→ secretion → reabsorption → excretion
(B) Secretion→ filtration → reabsorption → excretion
(C) Secretion → reabsorption filtration → excretion
(D) Filtration → reabsorption → secretion → excretion
(E) Filtration→ excretion→ secretion → reabsorption

30. What are bile salts? (A) Charged phospholipid (B) Esterified cholesterol (C) Hydrolyzed forms of triacylglycerol (D) Amphipathic cholesterol analogs with detergent properties (E) All of the above

31. Where are the aged red blood cells captured and recycled in healthy adults? (A) Periarteriolar lymphoid sheath (PALS) (B) Splenic sinusoids (C) Bone marrow (D) Kidney (E) Splenic white pulp

32. The________provides the luminal lining of large-diameter conducting airway. (A) ciliated stratified cuboidal epithelium (B) simple columnar epithelium (C) stratified squamous epithelium (D) ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium (E) transitional epithelium

33. Which of the following is absent from the wall of small-diameter (~ 1 mm) bronchioles? (A) Epithelium (B) Cartilage (C) Smooth muscle (D) Blood vessels (E) Elastic fiber

35. The sudden surge of ________a few hours before ovulation changes the enzymatic activities of theca externa cells and alters the tunica albuginea on the Graaffian follicle, leading to the eventual ovulation. (A) FSH (B) inhibin (C) estradiol (D) LH (E) testosterone

36. Forward left heart failure will cause which of the following? (A) Reduced cardiac output (B) Pulmonary edema (C) Reduced urine output (D) Edema at lower limbs(E) All of the above

37. When you accidentally drip-infused an additional 250 mL of normal saline to a healthy individual. his body removed the additional fluid via the activation of: (A) Atrial natriuretic peptide system (B) Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (C) Antidiuretic hormone system (D) Sympathetic system (E) None of the above

38. After stabilizing this patient via the emergency trauma surgeries, which of the following in this patient could be expected in the next 24-48 hours? (A) Increase in basophil percentage beyond 5% (B) Increase in cosinophil percentage beyond 10% (C) Increase in reticulocytes percentage beyond 3.5% (D) Megakaryocytes would be detected in the peripheral blood (E) Macrophages could be detected in the peripheral blood

複選題39. After the emergency surgeries, the plasma potassium level of this patient appeared slightly higher than the normal level of 5.5 mEq/L.What might this patient experience most noticeably? (A) Muscle weakness (B) Tachycardia (C) Bradycardia (D) Diarrhea (E) GERD

40. A man fell from a 1.5 m high platform and bumped the right side of his head directly against the concrete floor. Shortly after the incident, he appeared confused, unsure of his location, time of the day, and the events leading to his fall. He also complained about headaches on his right side. The horizontal CT scan of his head showed a lens-shaped radiopaque inside the right temporal cranium. This patient likely suffered from: (A) skin abrasion (B) subcutaneous bruises (C) epidural hematoma (D) subdural hematoma (E) subarachnoid hemorrhage