36. Which endocrine gland synthesizes melatonin?
(A) pineal
(B) adrenal cortex
(C) thyroid
(D) parathyroid
(E) pituitary

32. What is the advantage of excreting nitrogenous waste in the form of ammonia? (A) Ammonia is less toxic than uric acid. (B) Ammonia is less soluble than uric acid. (C) Ammonia excretion conserves energy. (D) Ammonia does not diffuse across cell membranes. (E) Ammonia excretion expends energy.

33. Which option correctly lists the structures in the kidney in the order in which fluid flows through them? (A) proximal tubule, Bowman's capsule, loop of Henle, distal tubule, glomerulus (B) Bowman's capsule, proximal tubule, loop of Henle, distal tubule, glomerulus (C) glomerulus, Bowman's capsule, loop of Henle, proximal tubule, distal tubule (D) glomerulus, proximal tubule, distal tubule, Bowman's capsule, loop of Henle (E) glomerulus, Bowman's capsule, proximal tubule, loop of Henle, distal tubule

34. Where along the nephron is glucose reabsorbed from the filtrate back into the blood? (A) distal tubule (B) loop of Henle (C) proximal tubule (D) Bowman's capsule (E) renal pelvis

35. What is the function of antidiuretic hormone? (A) to increase urination (B) to increase water reabsorption (C) to stimulate sodium reabsorption (D) to counter the effects of alcohol consumption (E) to reduce water reabsorption

37. Which statement about glands and hormones is true? (A) The anterior pituitary produces multiple hormones that affect activity of other endocrine glands and cells of the body. (B) The posterior pituitary produces melatonin, which helps regulate biological rhythms. (C) The pineal gland is the master control center of the endocrine system. (D) The hypothalamus is an endocrine gland responsible for producing the hormone calcitonin. (E) All statements are true.

38. Which hormone stimulates growth of an ovarian follicle? (A) LH (B) FSH (C) estrogen (D) progesterone (E) androgen

39. One neurotransmitter associated with sleep, mood, attention, and learning is (A) acetylcholine. (B) nitric oxide. (C) epinephrine. (D) serotonin. (E) melatonin.

40. Which results from stimulation by the parasympathetic nervous system? (A) increased heart rate (B) inhibition of the digestive organs (C) inhibition of urination (D) stimulation of saliva secretion (E) inhibition of saliva secretion

41. Which list correctly orders the structures within the ear as they transfer a sound wave during hearing? (A) eardrum, hammer, anvil, stirrup, oval window, auditory canal (B) eardrum, stirrup, hammer, anvil, oval window, auditory canal (C) auditory canal, eardrum, hammer, stirrup, anvil, oval window (D) auditory canal, eardrum, stirrup, hammer, anvil, oval window (E) auditory canal, eardrum, hammer, anvil, stirrup, oval window

42. Which of the following characteristics is referred to HIV, but not other viruses. (A) 2 copies of RNA molecules (B) reverse transcription (C) enveloped virus (D) A+B (E) all are correct