4. In bacteria, which of the following elements defines part of the ribosome binding site?
(A) a promoter
(B) an enhancer
(C) a stop codon
(D) a TATA-containing sequence
(E) a Shine-Dalgarno sequence

5. Which of the following is (are) generally NOT involved during the transcription by RNA polymerase II? (A) chromatin remodeling complexes (B) a primer (C) a topoisomerase (D) transcription factors (E) capping enzymes

6. Which of the following can be found in a prokaryotic cell but not in a eukaryotic cell? (A) Co-transcriptional translation (B) Co-transcriptional splicing (C) Co-translational protein folding (D) Co-translational protein export (E) None of the above

7. Which of the following is a common feature for DNA and RNA found in the cell? (A) Formation of the structures. (B) Use of the bases. (C) Use of the 5-carbon sugars. (D) Use of the phosphates. (E) Stability.

8. One type of virus that infects bacteria is called (A) a phage. (B) a bacteria killer. (C) a lysozyme. (D) a macrophage. (E) an antibody.

9. Which of the following translational factors directly recognize a codon on mRNA? (A) An initiation factor (B) An elongation factor (C) A release factor (D) A recycling factor (E) None of the above

10. A tumor-suppressor gene usually function in (A) induction of cell division. (B) induction of cell differentiation. (C) repression of gene expression. (D) activation of protein synthesis (E) repair of DNA damage.

11. Which of the following statements regarding viruses is NOT true? (A) Some prophage genes can cause the transformation of a nonpathogenic bacterium into a form that causes human disease. (B) An environmental signal may trigger a switch from the lysogenic to the lytic cycle. (C) The lysogenic cycle always occurs inside of host cells. (D) The lysogenic cycle typically results in the rapid lysis of all infected cells. (E) None of the above.

12. Which of the following statements regarding RNA is NOT correct? (A) RNA uses the sugar deoxyribose. (B) RNA uses the nitrogenous base uracil. (C) One RNA molecule can include four different nucleotides in its structure. (D) RNA molecules have a sugar-phosphate backbone. (E) RNA can serve as the genome of a virus.

13. Multiple origins of replication on the DNA molecules of eukaryotic cells serve to (A) remove errors in DNA replication. (B) create multiple copies of the DNA molecule at the same time. (C) shorten the time necessary for DNA replication. (D) assure the correct orientation of the two strands in the newly growing double helix. (E) assure that the DNA can be replicated.

14. Which of the following is a tRNA-binding site on the ribosome? (A) M-site. (B) N-site. (C) O-site. (D) P-site. (E) Q-site.

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