43. Scientists studying the SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) in the human genome have found that groups of SNPs tend to be inherited together in blocks known as haplotypes. What explains this observation?
(A) Independent assortment during meiosis.
(B) Crossing over is a random event, and the chance of it occurring between two loci increases with distance; SNPs located very close to each other are genetically linked and rarely separated by crossing over.
(C) The presence of many protein-coding genes located in these regions.
(D) Random mutations occurring at the same rate across the genome.
(E) Natural selection favoring the inheritance of specific SNP combinations.
統計: A(1), B(33), C(1), D(0), E(4) #3429722
詳解 (共 1 筆)
Scientists studying the SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) in the human genome have found that groups of SNPs tend to be inherited together in blocks known as haplotypes. What explains this observation?
<科學家研究人類基因組中的 SNPs(單核苷酸多態性)時發現,這些 SNPs 傾向於以稱作「單倍型」(haplotypes)的區塊一起被遺傳。這種現象的原因是什麼?>
科學家發現:SNP 常常一整塊一起遺傳 → haplotype block
意思是:很多 SNP 不是隨機組合,而是固定幾個一起出現。 SNP 彼此很近,染色體交換很難把它們分開,所以它們常常一起被遺傳,就形成 haplotype。
SNP 常一起遺傳 → 因為 距離很近
距離近
→ genetic linkage
→ crossing over 不容易分開
→ 形成 haplotype block
SNP 越靠近,就越容易黏在一起一起遺傳,越遠就越容易分開。
1.基因會不會一起遺傳看兩件事
a.距離近的 SNP , 很難被減數分裂時的染色體互換,拆開 → 常常一起遺傳 → 形成 haplotype
b.距離遠的 SNP , 比較容易被拆開 ,會分開遺傳
2.獨立分配是什麼?
如果兩個基因在 不同染色體上,減數分裂時每條染色體分到哪個配子是 隨機的
所以基因 A、基因 B 可能組成:
A B
A b
a B
a b
這就是 獨立分配(Gregor Mendel 的第二定律)
3. 為什麼 haplotype 的 SNP 不是隨機分配?
haplotype 的 SNP 在 同一條染色體上,而且很靠近
減數分裂時,染色體互換很難發生在它們之間
所以這些 SNP 幾乎總是一起被傳下去 ,就形成 基因連鎖