44.
(A) attached
(B) constrain
(C) constraint
(D) taxed

All of these actions come with significant costs attached and scientists have long documented the ecological damage caused by noise pollution. 
所有這些行動都伴隨著巨大的成本，科學家們早就記錄了噪音污染造成的生態破壞。

(A) attached
附屬、伴隨

(B) constrain（動詞）
to control and limit something
限制；約束；束縛
The country's progress was constrained by a leader who refused to look forward.

(C) constraint（名詞）
something that controls what you do by keeping you within particular limits
限制；束縛；約束
The constraints of politeness wouldn't allow her to say what she really thought about his cooking.
Financial constraints on the company are preventing them from employing new staff.
unnatural behaviour that is sometimes the result of forcing yourself to act in a particular way
拘束；局促
She tried to appear friendly, but her constraint was obvious.

(D) taxed
to make someone pay a tax
對…徵稅，對…課稅
Husbands and wives may be taxed jointly/separately.
to need someone to make a lot of effort, either physical or mental
使負重擔；使大傷腦筋
He only has to read a short report - it shouldn't tax him too much.

資料來源：劍橋辭典