45. A laser beam of wavelength λ = 4×10^-7 meter normally incidents on a black plate and produces a force of 1.5×10^-5 N. The mass of the plate is 12 g and its specific heat capacity is 500 (J·kg^-1·K^-1). Assume that there is no heat loss to the surroundings. Find the rate at which the temperature of the plate rises. [unit: newton (N), kelvin (K)]
(A) 572 K/s
(B) 682 K/s
(C) 750 K/s
(D) 823 K/s
(E) 912 K/s

46. What happens to the capacitance of a parallel-plate capacitor if the distance between the two plates is doubled while keeping all other factors constant? (A) It is halved. (B) It remains unchanged. (C) It doubles. (D) It quadruples. (E) None of the above.

47. A solid nonconducting sphere of radius R carries a total charge Q distributed uniformly throughout its volume. At a distance r＜R from the center, the magnitude of the electric field is E. If the radius of the sphere were doubled to 2R while keeping the total charge Q distributed uniformly and the point r the same, what would be the new magnitude of the electric field? (A) E (B) E/2 (C) E/4 (D) E/6 (E) E/8

48. A circular coil with an area of 0.50 m2 is placed in a uniform magnetic field that is perpendicular to the plane of the coil. The magnetic field magnitude decreases at a constant rate of 0.40 tesla/s. What is the magnitude of the induced electromotive force (EMF) in the coil? (A) 2.00 V (B) 0.20 V (C) 0.40 V (D) 0.80 V (E) None of the above

49. The electrostatic force between two rest point charges q and Q separated by a distance r is f. If the distance between the ions is doubled while the charges remain the same, what is the new force between them? (A) 2f (B) f/2 (C) (q + Q) f/2 (D) 2(q + Q) f (E) None of the above

50. A circular loop having a diameter of 10 cm carries a current of 0.1 ampere. The loop is placed in a magnetic field of B = 0.5 tesla with its axis inclined at 30° to the direction of the B-field as shown in the figure. Calculate the torque exerted on the current loop. [unit: newton (N)] (A) 1.96×10-4 N·m (B) 3.97×10-4 N·m (C) 5.43×10-4 N·m (D) 7.22×10-4 N·m (E) 9.16×10-4 N·m

51. During ventricular fibrillation, the myocardial cells do not stop beating; instead, they fall into a state of extreme chaos and rapid twitching, which the heart cannot pump blood effectively. An Automated External Defibrillator (AED) acts to reboot the heart by forcing a powerful electric current through it. The AED must generate high voltage to deliver a current of approximately 20 Amperes into the body within a short duration of about 0.01 seconds. The energy setting for a modern AED is 300 Joules. Estimate the voltage V required for this device and the average chest wall impedance R during a shock. Assuming all processes satisfy Ohm's Law. (A) 2100 Volt, 105 Ohm (B) 1900 Volt, 90 Ohm (C) 1700 Volt, 85 Ohm (D) 1500 Volt, 75 Ohm (E) 1300 Volt, 65 Ohm

52. Which of the following is not a fundamental characteristic of laser light? (A) high monochromaticity (B) high energy conversion efficiency (C) high collimation (D) high directionality (E) high coherence

53. A light beam of wavelength λ is travelling along a direction making an angle of 60° with a positive x-axis and 30° with a positive y-axis. Find the phase difference between two points (√3,1,2) and (0,0,0). (A) √3π/λ (B) 2√3π/λ (C) 3√3π/λ (D) 4√3π/λ (E) 5√3π/λ

54. In the context of the Bohr model of the hydrogen atom, what happens when an electron transitions from a higher energy level to a lower energy level? (A) A photon is emitted. (B) The mass of the atom decreases significantly. (C) The electron stops moving. (D) A photon is absorbed. (E) All of the above.

55. An electron is trapped in an one-dimensional box of finite width whose walls are perfectly rigid (infinite deep square well potential). A photon with energy Ea is emitted when the electron transitions from the n = 4 to n = 2, and a photon with energy Eb is emitted when the electron transitions from the n = 3 to n = 1. What is the ratio of Ea / Eb? (A) 2/3 (B) 3/2 (C) 1 (D) 4/3 (E) It depends on the width of the potential well.

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