試題詳解

47 About the intraoperative complication and etiology that occur during thoracotomy, which statement is correct?
(A) Bronchospasm: Direct airway stimulation, increased frequency of reactive airways disease
(B) Arrhythmias : Direct mechanical irritation of the heart
(C) Sudden changes in ventilating pressure or volume : Movement of endobronchial tube/ blocker, air leak
(D) Sudden severe hypotension without bleeding : Surgical compression of the heart or great vessels
(E) All of above