48. What is the tone of the Author?
(A) Sarcastic.
(B) Joyful.
(C) Critical.
(D) Boastful.

49. The word “precarious” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _____. (A) delicate (B) upstanding (C) reliable (D) fatigued

50. What is implied in the third paragraph? (A) Ryukyuan languages are rapidly growing in popularity. (B) UNESCO is helping to promote the Ryukyuan languages. (C) The revitalization of Ryukyuan languages is facing some hardships. (D) Okinawa will soon ban the use of Ryukyuan languages.

51. What is the main idea of the passage? (A) Society will become increasingly reliant on technology in the future. (B) The use of technology will lead to significant negative consequences in the future. (C) Advances in technology have the potential to transform various aspects of society in the future. (D) The development of technology will be driven primarily by profit motives.

52. According to the passage, what are some potential uses of virtual and augmented reality technologies? (A) Energy and materials science. (B) Entertainment and education. (C) Gene editing and stem cell therapy. (D) Healthcare and supply chain management.

53. According to the passage, what is one potential downside of advances in biotechnology? (A) Increased risk of environmental and health problems. (B) Decreased access to healthcare. (C) Increased reliance on traditional medicine. (D) None of the above.

54. According to the passage, what can we infer about some of the potential risks that may be associated with the widespread use of blockchain technology? (A) Risks to security and privacy, such as hacks and data breaches. (B) Risks to the environment and public health, such as pollution from mining operations. (C) Risks to economic stability, such as market crashes caused by blockchain-based financial systems. (D) Risks to personal relationships and mental health, such as addiction to cryptocurrency trading.

55. According to the passage, which of the following is correct about some of the potential benefits and concerns associated with the development of artificial intelligence? (A) Benefits: increased efficiency and productivity； Concerns: ethical issues, potential job displacement, safety risks. (B) Benefits: increased reliance on human labor； Concerns: decreased privacy violations and environmental risks. (C) Benefits: improved healthcare outcomes； Concerns: decreased social interactions and potential addiction. (D) Benefits: improved transportation systems； Concerns: decreased innovation and potential security risks.

56. Which statement about a desired future self is false? (A) It fosters motivation to learn. (B) It has little to do with emotional responses. (C) It may cause discomfort. (D) It refers to a learner’s or other’s aspirations for language learning.

57. What is the main idea of these two passages? (A) If students can identify their selves, they can maximize their L2 use. (B) Ideal L2 selves and ought L2 selves are reactive strategies of language use. (C) Because students would reduce the gap between their actual selves and their future L2 selves, they would feel anxious. (D) Future L2 selves are crucial to students’ learning motivation.

58. What is the difference between the two models of L2 selves proposed by Dörnyei (2005, 2009) and Papi et al. (2019)? (A) Papi’s model generates four future L2 selves. (B) Dörnyei’s ideal L2 selves maximize L2 use. (C) Papi’s ought L2 selves maximize more L2 use than the ought L2 selves of Dörnyei’s. (D) Dörnyei’s model reveals that motivated behaviors are different from emotional responses.

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