54. In guinea pigs, black fur ( B ) is dominant to brown fur ( b ). If two heterozygous black guinea pigs are crossed and produce exactly two offspring, what is the probability that the first offspring is black and the second is brown? (A) 1/16 (B) 1/8 (C) 3/16 (D) 1/4 (E) 3/8

9. High-level transcription in eukaryotes relies on the interaction between activators bound to distant enhancers and the transcription machinery at the promoter. Which statement best describes the structural change in DNA that facilitates this interaction? (A) The DNA acts as a track for activators to slide toward the promoter. (B) The DNA is permanently unwound to reduce distance. (C) The DNA loops to connect activators with the promoter. (D) The DNA is spliced to remove intervening sequences. (E) The DNA is chemically modified with RNA-like caps to signal initiation.

54. In guinea pigs, black fur ( B ) is dominant to brown fur ( b ). If two heterozygous black guinea pigs are crossed and produce exactly two offspring, what is the probability that the first offspring is black and the second is brown?
(A) 1/16
(B) 1/8
(C) 3/16
(D) 1/4
(E) 3/8

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