57. Which protein is NOT involved in the fusion and fission process of mitochondria?
(A) COX
(B) Drp1
(C) Opa1
(D) Mfn1
(E) Fis1

53. What is correct about the haploid or diploid of the cells during human gametogenesis? (A) Spermatogonium is haploid. (B) Primary spermatocyte is haploid. (C) Oogonium is haploid. (D) Primary oocyte is haploid. (E) Primary oocyte is diploid.

54. Which one could be the pollinator of the flower that has long floral tube? (A) Bats (B) Flies (C) Bees (D) Hawk moths (E) Ants

55. Choose the correct match of glial cell type and function. (A) Oligodendrocytes produce the myelin sheaths of myelinated neurons in the peripheral nervous system. (B) Schwann cells provide nutritional support to non-myelinated neurons. (C) Radial glia is the source of immunoprotection against pathogens. (D) Astrocytes metabolize neurotransmitters and modulate synaptic effectiveness. (E) None of the above.

56. Which plant group is NOT vascular plant? (A) Ginkgo (B) Mosses (C) Conifers (D) Angiosperms (E) Ferns

58. Olfactory receptors in mammals belong to _____________. (A) receptor tyrosine kinases (B) ion channels (C) G protein-coupled receptors (D) proton pumps (E) small GTPase

59. HIV is the virus that causes AIDS. In the mid-1990s, researchers discovered an enzyme in HIV called protease. Once the enzyme's structure was known, researchers began looking for drugs that would fit into the active site and block it. If this strategy for stopping HIV infections were successful, it would be an example of what phenomenon? (A) allosteric regulation (B) competitive inhibition (C) vaccination (D) denaturation (E) synergistic effect

60. The Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine was awarded to Dr. Yoshinori Ohsumi for his discovery of mechanisms for _______________. (A) apoptosis (B) mitochondrial fusion and fission (C) vesicular transport (D) signal transduction in the nervous system (E) autophagy

61. In replication, which of the followings is used for polymerization of both leading strand and lagging strand? (A) DNA ligase (B) DNA polymerase I (C) DNA polymerase III (D) Gyrase (E) DNA helicase

62. Many coenzymes are derived from vitamins. Which of the following statements are correct? ① FAD is derived from vitamin B6. ② Pyridoxal phosphate is derived from vitamin B1. ③ Coenzyme A is derived from pantothenic acid. ④ 5’-Deoxyadenosyl cobalamin is derived from vitamin B12. ⑤ NAD is derived from nicotinic acid. (A) ①②③ (B) ②③④ (C) ③④⑤ (D) ①④⑤ (E) ①③⑤ 

63. Vitamin B1 (thiamine) is the precursor to the coenzyme thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP). Thiamine deficiency would decrease which one of the following enzyme activities? (A) Fumarase (B) Isocitrate dehydrogenase (C) Malate dehydrogenase (D) Succinate dehydrogenase (E) α-Ketoglutarate dehydrogenase