62. If glucose is labeled with ¹⁴C at C-5, which of the following compounds can be found in TCA cycle first?
(A) Malate labeled with ¹⁴C at C-2.
(B) Isocitrate labeled with ¹⁴C at C-2.
(C) α-Ketoglutarate labeled with ¹⁴C at C-5.
(D) Citrate labeled with ¹⁴C at C-3.
(E) Succinyl-CoA labeled with ¹⁴C at C-1.

58. In gene therapy, ________ can be used as a vector to deliver normal genes directly into the cells of the body. (A) transposons (B) mutagens (C) amniocentesis (D) bacteria (E) viruses

59. Female Pheasant-tailed Jacanas (水雉) aggressively court males and, after mating, leave the clutch of young for the male to incubate. This sequence may be repeated several times with different males until no available males remain. Which one of the following term will best describe this behavior? (A) Monogamy (B) Polygyny (C) Polyandry (D) Promiscuity (E) Paternity

60. What is the effective population size (Ne) for a population of Black Bears with 500 males and 300 females? (A) 300 (B) 400 (C) 500 (D) 750 (E) 800

61. If a drug that specifically prevents the interaction of cytochrome c with other proteins is added to respiring mitochondria in a test tube, what effects would be observed? (A) ATP synthesis would be immediately stopped. (B) Oxygen consumption would increase. (C) Reduced cofactors (NADH/FADH2) would be accumulated. (D) Coenzyme Q would be oxidized. (E) Proton export from the matrix would increase.

63. Which of the following can not transport proton across mitochondria inner membrane? (A) 2,4-Dinitrophenol (B) Thermogenin (C) ATPase (D) NADH dehydrogenase complex (E) QH2 oxidase

64. Which complex in the electron-transport chain contains copper ions? (A) Complex I (B) Complex II (C) Complex III (D) Complex IV (E) None of these complexes contains copper ions.

65. Pyruvate is oxidized to produce ________, which further reacts with ________ to produce ________ during the citric acid cycle. (A) citrate; fumarate; α-ketoglutarate (B) citrate; isocitrate; α-ketoglutarate (C) acetyl-CoA; oxaloacetate; citrate (D) acetyl-CoA; malate; oxaloacetate (E) malate; citrate; acetyl-CoA

66. Phosphate (Pi) is transported into the mitochondria from the cytosol by a phosphate carrier which is driven by the ________. (A) hydrolysis of ATP (B) simultaneous transport of H+ into the mitochondrion (C) simultaneous transport of ADP into the mitochondrion (D) simultaneous transport of H+ out of the mitochondrion (E) simultaneous transport of ATP out of the mitochondrion

67. When monosaccharide dissolves in water at 40°C, it can undergo interconversion between α and β forms automatically. Which of the following regarding the amount of each form is correct after equilibrium? (A) β-D-Ribofuranose ＞ β-D-Ribopyranose (B) α-D-Fructofuranose ＞ β-D-Fructofuranose (C) β-D-Fructofuranose ＞ β-D-Fructopyranose (D) β-D-Glucopyranose ＞ α-D-Glucopyranose (E) None of the above

68. Phospholipase C hydrolyzes phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) to form which signaling molecule that triggers Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum? (A) Diacylglycerolphosphate (DAGP) (B) Inositol 5-monophosphate (IP1) (C) Diacylglycerol (DAG) (D) Inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3) (E) Inositol 4,5-bisphosphate (IP2)