67. A eukaryotic protein can be made in bacteria by inserting the gene encoding the protein into a(n)
(A) protein plasmid.
(B) expression vector.
(C) yeast artificial chromosome (YAC).
(D) PCR vector.
(E) restriction plasmid.

63. Which of the following statements concerning the eukaryotic chromosome is false? (A) It is composed of DNA and protein. (B) The nucleosome is the most basic structural subunit. (C) The number of genes on each chromosome is different in different cell types. (D) It consists of a single linear molecule of double-stranded DNA. (E) Active transcription occurs on euchromatin.

64. Why do histones bind tightly to DNA? (A) Histones are positively charged, and DNA is negatively charged. (B) Histones are negatively charged, and DNA is positively charged. (C) Both histones and DNA are strongly hydrophobic. (D) Histones are covalently linked to the DNA. (E) Histones are highly hydrophobic, and DNA is hydrophilic.

65. What is the enzymatic function of restriction enzymes? (A) to add new nucleotides to the growing strand of DNA (B) to join nucleotides during replication (C) to join nucleotides during transcription (D) to cleave nucleic acids at specific sites (E) to repair breaks in sugar-phosphate backbones

66. Bacteria containing recombinant plasmids are often identified by which process? (A) examining the cells with an electron microscope (B) using radioactive tracers to locate the plasmids (C) exposing the bacteria to an antibiotic that kills cells lacking the plasmid (D) removing the DNA of all cells in a culture to see which cells have plasmids (E) producing antibodies specific for each bacterium containing a recombinant plasmid.

68. One striking difference between development in plants and development in animals is the importance of cell in animal embryos. (A) division (B) differentiation (C) growth (D) movement (E) death

69. A cell that remains entirely flexible in its developmental possibilities is said to be (A) differentiated. (B) determined. (C) totipotent. (D) genomically equivalent. (E) epigenetic.

70. Catastrophism, meaning the regular occurrence of geological or meteorological disturbances (catastrophes), was Cuvier's attempt to explain the existence of (A) evolution. (B) the fossil record. (C) uniformitarianism. (D) the origin of new species. (E) natural selection.

71. "Improving the intelligence of an adult through education will result in that adult's descendants being born with a greater native intelligence." This statement is an example of (A) Darwinism. (B) Lamarckism. (C) uniformitarianism. (D) scala naturae. (E) Malthusianism.

72. Even in Darwin's time, the blending hypothesis was incompatible with observed facts. If the blending hypothesis were true, then what should one expect to observe over the course of generations? (A) Phenotypic polymorphisms should increase. (B) Genetic variation should increase. (C) Members of a breeding population should become more uniform in phenotype. (D) Neutral variation should decrease. (E) Genetic polymorphisms should increase.

73. Successfully breeding two individual organisms at a zoo and obtaining fertile offspring for several generations is no guarantee that the same could occur in nature (i.e., in the wild). Which species concept becomes difficult to confirm because of this fact? (A) biological (B) ecological (C) morphological (D) phylogenetic (E) paleontological