7. Regarding the membrane and action potentials of a neuron, which of the following is   not   correct?
(A) At resting, the intracellular concentration of is much higher than that of .
(B)At the peak of action potential, the intracellular concentration of is much higher than that of .
(C) During the depolarization of action potential, there is a net   influx into the cell.
(D) During the hyperpolarization of action potential, there is a net moving out of the cell.

3. Sickle cell anemia is a condition in which red blood cells exhibit a characteristic "sickle" shape. This arises from a mutation or change in one of the amino acids found in hemoglobin. A single amino acid mutation would directly affect a protein's _____ structure. (A) primary (B)secondary (C) tertiary (D) quaternary

4. If a specimen contains 30% adenine in its DNA, how much cytosine will it contain? (A) 40% (B)30% (C) 20% (D) 15% (E)10%

5. In order to visualize the fine structure of viruses and cytoskeletal filaments at 10-25 nanometers in diameter the type of microscopy that would be most effective is (A) standard light microscope (B)phase-contrast light microscope (C) transmission electron microscope (D) darkfield light microscope (E)confocal laser microscope

6. After drinking too much alcohol, a person will rely on which organelle to help detoxify and recover? (A) lysosome (B)smooth endoplasmic reticulum (C) mitochondrion (D) Golgi apparatus (E)peroxisome

8. Cellular respiration produces the most energy in the form of ATP from which of the following? (A) glycolysis (B)the citric acid cycle (C) production of lactate (D) substrate-level phosphorylation (E)oxidative phosphorylation

9. A green plant is first grown in blue light and then in green light. The likely outcome for photosynthesis in both phases is (A) Decreased plant growth in blue light and no plant growth in green light. (B)No plant growth in blue light and increased plant growth in green light. (C) No plant growth in blue light and decreased plant growth in green light. (D) Increased plant growth in blue light and no plant growth in green light.

10. Mutations that inhibit the function of photosystem I but not photosystem II would result in a plant cell that could still generate _____.(A) O2, ATP, and (B)ATP and (C) O2, ATP, and NADPH (D) ATP and NADPH (E)CO2 and ATP

11. When Calvin injected 14C labeled CO2 into cultures of green algae, what led him to conclude that rubisco adds CO2 to ribulose bisphosphate in the Calvin cycle? (A) Radioactivity appeared last in ribulose bisphosphate. (B)Radioactivity first appeared in ribulose bisphosphate. (C) Radioactivity appeared last in glucose. (D) Radioactivity first appeared in 3-phosphoglycerate. (E)Radioactivity appeared last in 3-phosphoglycerate.

12. A C4 plant minimizes photorespiration by (A) stomata that are only opened at night, storing carbon dioxide in malate, and releasing carbon dioxide during the day. (B)having the light reactions and carbon reactions occur in different cells, so oxygen does not come into contact with rubisco. (C) having the light reactions and carbon reactions occur in different cells, so carbon dioxide does not come into contact with rubisco. (D) stomata that are only opened at night, storing oxygen in malate, and releasing oxygen during the day.

複選題13. Which of the following statements about eukaryotic cell is true? (A) If a cell contains 20 chromosomes in G1 phase, it will contain 40 chromosomes at the end of S phase. (B)During prometaphase, the sister chromatids organize into a single row in the center of the cell. (C) One major difference between metaphase I and metaphase II is the presence or absence of bivalents. (D) Sister chromatids are produced during mitosis. (E)If environmental conditions are favorable during the G1 phase, G1 cyclins are degraded causing the cell to prepare to replicate its DNA.