71. Which of the following statements about oxidative phosphorylation are CORRECT? ① Oxidative of NADPH occurs in mitochondria. ② The production of ATP is driven by electron transport and proton gradient. ③ The process of chemiosmotic coupling is involved in the synthesis of ATP in mitochondria. ④The production of ATP is mediated by a substrate-level phosphorylation of ADP. ⑤ The electron transport is inhibited by 2,4-dinitrophenol.
(A) ①,③,⑤
(B) ①,②,③
(C) ②,③
(D) ③,④,⑤
(E) ③,⑤

67. Which of the following statements about microRNAs (miRNAs) are CORRECT? ① miRNAs originate from exogenous dsRNA. ② miRNAs form a perfect complementary to its target mRNA. ③ Some miRNAs can functionally inhibit mRNA translation. ④ Some miRNAs can promote mRNA decay. ⑤ miRNAs are transcribed by RNA polymerase III. (A) ①,⑤ (B) ②,③ (C) ③,④ (D) ②,④ (E) ③,⑤

複選題68. Which of the following statements about glycogen is FALSE? (A) Glucose-6-phosphate is released from nonreducing ends of the glucose polymer by the action of the enzyme glycogen phosphorylase. (B) In glycogen breakdown, it involves sequential phosphorolytic cleavages of α(1→4) bonds. (C) Glycogen is the storage polysaccharide in skeletal and liver cells. (D) Glycogen is a polymer of glucose in α(1→4) linkages with α(1→6) linked branches. (E) The breakdown of glycogen in skeletal muscle ultimately enters glycolysis to generate ATP.

69. Which of the following statements for Shine-Dalgarno sequence are CORRECT? ① Shine-Dalgarno sequence is found in prokaryotic mRNA. ② Shine-Dalgarno sequence is a purine-rich sequence. ③ Shine-Dalgarno sequence can base-pair with a sequence of tRNA. ④ Shine-Dalgarno sequence is involved in DNA replication. ⑤ Shine-Dalgarno sequence can base-pair with a sequence of 16S rRNA. (A) ①,②,③ (B) ①,②,⑤ (C) ①,③,④ (D) ①,④,⑤ (E) ①,②,④,⑤

70. Which of the following statements about nitric oxide (NO) are CORRECT? ① Cellular NO is produced from lysine. ② Nitroglycerine is an NO donor. ③ Nitric oxide synthase is involved in the production of NO. ④ Adenyl cyclases are receptors for NO. ⑤ NO production in endothelial cells leads to vasodilation. (A) ①,②,③ (B) ②,③,④ (C) ③,④,⑤ (D) ①,③,④ (E) ②,③,⑤

72. Which of the following statements about lac operon is CORRECT? ① The repressor is the protein product of lac Z gene. ② The lac operon can be turned on by β-galactoside. ③ Repressor binds to the operator and blocks the binding of RNA polymerase to promoter. ④ Isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactoside can bind to Lac repressor to turn on protein expression. ⑤ In the lac operon model, the genes within the operon will be expressed if lactose is present in E. coli. (A) ①,②,③ (B) ①,②,④ (C) ②,③,④ (D) ③,④,⑤ (E) ②,③,④,⑤

73. Which of the following statements about glutathione are CORRECT? ① Glutathione is an antioxidant. ② Glutathione is a tetrapeptide. ③ Glutathione is not involved in detoxification of xenobiotics. ④ The biosynthsis of glutathione synthesis occurs as a part of γ-glutamyl cycle. ⑤ Oxidized glutathione is reduced by glutathione reductase. (A) ①,②,③ (B) ①,③,④ (C) ①,④,⑤ (D) ②,③,④ (E) ①,②,⑤

74. Which of the following statements about citric acid cycle is FALSE? (A) The first reaction is to synthesize citric acid. (B) In addition to CTP, NADH and QH2 are also produced in citric acid cycle. (C) The acetyl group of acetyl-CoA is released in the form of CO2 when it enters citric acid cycle. (D) The product of the last step, oxaloacetate, is also the reactant of the first step. (E) It occurs in mitochondrial matrix.

75. Which of the following statements about amino acids is CORRECT? ① Methionine is sulfurcontaining amino acids. ② The UV absorbance of phenylalanine at 280 nm is lower than that of tyrosine. ③ Disulfide bond can be reduced by performic acid. ④ The side chain of histidine is an imidazole ring. ⑤ The pI value of arginine is lower than that of lysine. (A) ①,②,③ (B) ①,③,④ (C) ②,③,④ (D) ①,②,④ (E) ②,③,⑤

76. Which of the following enzymes are aspartate protease ? ① Subtilisin； ② Cathepsin D； ③ HIV-protease； ④ Thrombin； ⑤ Pepsin (A) ①,②,③ (B) ①,②,④ (C) ①,②,⑤ (D) ②,③,④ (E) ②,③,⑤

77. Which of the following statements for the structure of proteins are CORRECT? ① A bond between amino acids is peptide bond. ② Disulfide bonds in proteins are formed by serine. ③ The amino acid sequence is the primary structure of proteins. ④ The coil-coiled motif is the tertiary structure of proteins. ⑤ The quaternary structure of proteins contains two or more polypeptide chains. (A) ①,③,⑤ (B) ②,③,④ (C) ②,③,⑤ (D) ①,③,④ (E) ①,②,③