9. The common product produced by Complex I and Complex II in the electron transport chain is:
(A) NAD⁺.
(B) FAD.
(C)reduced O₂.
(D) reduced cyt c.
(E) reduced coenzyme Q.

複選題10. Which one of the following factors is NOT an antioxidant to cope with oxidative stress? (AB) catalase. (AC) uric acid. (AD)vitamin B6. (AE) vitamin C. (BC) SOD. (BD)一律送分

11. The coenzymes used by acetyl-CoA carboxylase is/are: (A) biotin. (B) pyridoxal phosphate and TPP. (C)folic acid and TPP. (D) NADH. (E) FAD.

12. How are glutamic acid, arginine, and proline related in the process of amino acid biosynthesis? (A) All are derived from acetyl CoA. (B) All are derivatives of a-KG. (C)All are derivatives of pyruvate. (D) All are derived from aspartate. (E) All are derivatives of 3-phosphoglycerate.

13. Which one of the following is NOT the substrate of carbamoy! phosphate synthetase II (CPS-II)? (A) ATP. (B) H2O, (C) (D) qlutamine. (E) .

14. What is the coenzyme responsible for the addition of two single carbon in purine biosynthesis? (A) biotin. (B) SAM. (C)THF. (D) TPP. (E) none of the above.

15. During the fasting or starvation, the brain will (A) convert endogenous fatty acids into B-hydroxybutyrate. (B) utilize B-hydroxybutyrate from the blood stream. (C)utilize its glycogen stores as a first responding source of fuel. (D) utilize amino acids for fuel from degradation of brain protein. (E) all of the above.

16. The pH of a blood sample is 7.4, while gastric juice is pH 1.4. Which of the following is true?  1) the [H+] in the blood sample is higher than in the gastric juice  2) the difference of [H+] between the gastric juice and the blood sample is one million times 3) the [H+] in a blood sample is lower than in the gastric juice  4) the difference of [H+] between the gastric juice and the blood sample is 5.29 times ) the difference of [H+] between the gastric juice and the blood sample is 6000 times (A) 1,4 (B) 3,5 (C)2,3 (D) 1, (E) 3,4

17. What is the amino acid sequence of the following peptide starting from the N-terminal end? (A) KDS (B) RDT (C)SDGR (D) RGDS (E) KGDS

18. Which of the following type of mutations is correctly defined? (A) silent: change of a single base in the non-coding region of a gene (B) missense: substitution of a single base results in a premature stop codon (C) nonsense: substitution of a single base results in a complete change of amino acid sequence (D) frameshift: deletion of a single base results in a single amino acid change (E) none of the above

19. An enzyme-catalyzed reaction was carried out with the substrate concentration initially a thousand times greater than the Km for that substrate. After 12 minutes, 1% of the substrate had been to product, and the amount of product formed in the reaction mixture was 20 a separate experiment, 30 % as much enzyme and twice as much substrate had been combined, how long would it take for the same amount of product to be formed? (A) 6 min (B) 12 min (C)40 min (D) 18 min (E) 4 min

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