⑴ The most common form of insomnia is learned insomnia, in which a few sleepless nights lead to anxiety about being unable to get to sleep, making it even harder to do so. However long it lasts, insomnia is not a disease in itself but a symptom of another problem, or several problems, whether physical, emotional, or behavioral.（12 分）

⑴在現代化資本與知識密集的產業發展趨勢下，財富與所得分配的集中乃為難以迴 避的必然結果。政府的重分配機制是民眾期盼社會公平正義的最後依靠，其中租 稅制度尤為關鍵。（13 分）

⑵兩性平權是建立在相互尊重與合作的架構上，而不是女權主義的高漲或兩性間的 對立。只有兩性和諧共處，社會與國家才能安定。（13 分）

⑵ Attitudes of respect, modesty and fair play can grow only out of slowly acquired skills that parents teach their children over many years through shared experience and memory. If a child reaches adulthood with recollections only of television, Little League and birthday parties, then that child has little to draw on when a true test of character comes up, say, in a prickly business situation.（12 分）

四、英文作文：In many countries, Taiwan included, the gap between the rich and the poor has widened. In sociology, a term called “M-shaped society” was coined to illustrate the gap of wealth distribution between two major groups: the rich and the poor. Yet, such a gap can bring potential threat to the development of a society. Thus, some believe “taxation” may be a good way to address the income gap. Please write a 250-word essay to present your analysis on such an idea.

三、中譯英：近來有研究結果顯示，當學生接受雙語教育時，他們的英文閱讀理解能 力呈現了顯著的進步，這樣突出的表現尤其顯示在閱讀推理、文本分析 兩個方面。然而，這樣的進步並不是全面的，仍有學生因基礎能力不足 或無法適應雙語教育，造成進步幅度有限的學習結果，亦可以說，雙語 教育的成效因學生而異。但在學生的語言學習動機、課程參與程度上， 雙語教育都顯示了正面的影響效果。

二、英譯中：In 2024, the U.S. was the world’s dominant travel and tourism market, according to a 2024 Economic Impact Trends Report by the World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC). In 2023, a record-breaking $2.36 trillion was added to the U.S. economy from tourism. Then Tourism Economics predicted a 9% increase in international arrivals in 2025 compared to 2024. However, political tensions and negative perceptions of the U.S. have been keeping international tourists away, steering many travelers to visit Canada instead. As a result, Tourism Economics experienced a complete 180; it revised its predictions to a 9.4% decline in international visits to the U.S., and more drop again in early August.

五、英文作文： （20 分）“With the global labor market battle underway, the days when Taiwan could bring in large numbers of migrant workers are numbered. At the same time, the emergence of the poaching of workers as the ‘new normal’ indicates that treating migrant workers as cheap labor is no longer viable. Taiwan is entering the ranks of developed countries, and the answer to its labor bottleneck may be to turn migrant workers into immigrants.”Do you agree or disagree with the above quoted passage? Please elaborate your argument in no more than 250 words and be sure to support it with sufficient evidence.

四、英譯中：（15 分）Immigration policies generally respond to labor market needs anddemographic objectives of destination countries. Governments implementimmigration policies through laws, regulations and program measures withthe objective to manage the volume, origin, direction and composition ofmigration flows. In many countries, mostly in more developed regions,migration legislations have been characterized by regularization of flows andmeasures to better integrate immigrants in the host societies. In some cases,regional agreements have influenced the legislations of the countries involved.

三、中譯英：（15 分）通常警方是在家庭暴力可能構成刑事犯罪或違反社會秩序之際（例如跟蹤騷擾行為），介入家庭糾紛或法律行動。這些案件一般是經由受害人、 利害關係人或相關非政府組織通報警方。

五、英文作文：請根據下面說明寫一篇約 250 字的英文作文（20 分）What role does immigration play in addressing demographic challenges, such as aging populations and labor shortages? Please write a 250-word essay to justify your points.

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